Chapter 11 - Personal and Cross modal

Chapter 11 - Personal and Cross modal

1. Introduction

1.1 This chapter previously included information from the National Travel Survey (NTS). However, Scottish data are no longer collected in the NTS, estimates for Scotland from the NTS are available in previous editions of this publication. This chapter now focuses on estimates derived mainly from the Scottish Household Survey (SHS), findings from others sources are marked as such within the text.

1.2 The SHS is a sample survey and provide person-based cross-modal information, in contrast to most of the earlier chapters, which tend to be based on particular modes of transport. The SHS also includes a travel diary that asks respondents for information about the journeys they made on the previous day, including information on the duration, distance, purpose and mode of travel. More information and further tables covering transport findings from the Scottish Household Survey can be found in Transport and Travel in Scotland: http://bit.ly/2qbgypZ

1.3 In this edition of STS we have also presented relevant information on travel behaviours collected from the 2011 census as previously published by the National Records of Scotland. More information about the sources used can be found in the Sources section on page 225.

Over the period that the 2020 Scottish Household Survey was being conducted (October 2020 and January – March 2021) people in Scotland were subject to restrictions on travel and daily activity.

Most notably, this included the 'second lockdown', which ran from 5 January 2021 to April 2021, and incorporated a legal requirement forbidding anyone from leaving their home except for essential purposes.

Some of the survey questions were last asked in 2019.

Key points
  • 55% of people had travelled the previous day when asked as part of the 2020 Scottish Household Survey.
  • Of the 153 million public transport journeys made in 2020, 83 per cent were by bus, 9 per cent were journeys by rail, air accounts for 5 per cent and ferries 3 per cent.
  • Twenty four per cent of journeys to work and 72 per cent of journeys to school are by public and active travel.

2. Main Points

Trips

2.1 In the 2020 Scottish Household Survey 55% of people reported having travelled the previous day. Men were more likely to have travelled the previous day than women (56% compared to 55%) and older people were less likely to have travelled than younger people.

2.2 As in previous years, the car was the most popular mode of transport for journeys made in 2020, with 51% of journeys made as a car driver. Seven per cent of journeys were made as a car passenger. Bus travel accounted for 3% and rail travel for 0.1%. Over a third of journeys were by walking (37%) and cycling accounted for 2% of all journeys. Three per cent of journeys were multi-stage, involving a change in mode of transport.

2.3 Nine per cent of adults used the bus at least once per week in 2020, with 14% using a bus in the past month. Train use appeared to be less frequent; 1% of people had used the train at least once a week and 5% of people had used a train in the last month, in 2019.

Distance travelled

2.4 In 2020, most journeys tended to be over short distances, with 23% of all journeys being under 1 km long and a further 28% between 1 and 3 km. The average (median) journey distance in 2020 was 2.8 km.

2.5 The average (median) walking journey was 1.1 km in length in 2020. Car journeys tended to be over greater distances, with a median car driver journey of 5.4 km.

2.6 In 2020, both shopping (30%) and going for a walk (25%) were the most frequent journey purposes, followed by commuting (17%).

Duration travelled

2.7 In terms of time, most journeys in 2020 were short, with 67% lasting for less than 20 minutes. Only 5% of journeys lasted more than an hour.

Car access

2.8 Adults in households with more cars were more likely to have travelled the previous day – 43% of adults living in households with no cars normally available travelled the previous day, compared to 60% of adults with two or more cars.

Car driving by adults increased with an increase in car availability. Where no car was normally available, 3% of adults' journeys were as a driver of a car, compared to 53% where one car was available, and 60% where two or more cars were available.

2.9 Adults in households with no car access made a far higher proportion of their journeys by public and active travel. Where no cars were available in the adult's household there was a higher proportion of journeys by foot: 73%, compared to 35% where one car was available and 30% where there were with two or more cars. The proportion of trips by bus was also considerably higher for adults in households with no car: 11%, compared to 1% for those in households with one car or at least two cars.

Driving

2.10 The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) provides information about how often people aged 17 or over drive. In 2020, 26% of men, 16% of women and 21% of all people aged 17+ said that they drove every day. A further 44% stated they drove at least once a week (but not every day), 3% drove less frequently, 6% had a full driving licence but never drove, and 21% did not have a full driving licence. (Table 11.10)

2.12 The frequency of driving varied with age. In 2020, over half of people aged 40 to 59 said they drove every day. As age rises this falls (to 7% for people aged 80 and over). The frequency of driving also varied with the annual net income of the household. One quarter of people aged 17+ living in households with an annual net income of £50,000 or more said they drove every day, compared with 14 percent of those living in households with an annual net income of up to £10,000. Around a fifth (18%) of people aged 17+ in large urban areas drove every day compared to 30% in 'remote rural' areas. (Table 11.10)

Walking

2.13 In 2019, 67% of adults made a journey of more than a quarter of a mile by foot to go somewhere in the last seven days – the second highest proportion seen in the last decade. Young adults (aged 16-19) were the most likely to have walked to go somewhere (78%), compared with 74% of those aged 30-39, around two thirds of those in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and two fifths of those aged 80 or above (40%). (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

2.14 In 2019, 62% of adults said that they had walked for pleasure or to keep fit at least once in the last seven days – the highest in recent times. There was some variation with age: the percentage was highest for those aged 40-49 (70%) and lowest for those aged 80 or above (32%). There was less variation with household income, although those with net annual incomes of over £30,000 were more likely than those with lower incomes. (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

Travel to Work (SHS data)

2.16 The SHS shows that 53% of employed adults worked from home in 2020. Seventy nine percent of self-employed people worked from home, though this is based on a relatively small sample size and therefore may be subject to larger confidence intervals than in previous years. (Tables 11.17 & 11.21)

2.17 Overall, the SHS found that the majority (73%) of employed adults who did not work from home travelled to work by car or van (as either the driver or as a passenger) in 2020. This percentage tended to increase with age (16-20: 58%, Over 40: around 68% to 78%), type of employment (72% of those who work part-time, compared to 74% for full-time) and annual net household income (rising to 82% of those in the £50,000+ band). (Table 11.18)

2.18 Other usual means of travel to work were: walking (13%); bus (8%); rail (1%); bicycle (2%) and other modes (2%). Use of such modes of transport also varied. For example: in general, the greater the income of the household, the less likely a person was to walk or use the bus to travel to work; the percentage who walked to work was highest in accessible small towns (19%) and the percentage who commuted by bus was highest in large urban areas (12%). (Tables 11.18 & 11.22)

Travel To Work (non-SHS data)

2.19 Other data sources show a similar pattern to the Scottish Household Survey data and also enable comparison with the rest of Great Britain.

2.20 Labour Force Survey results suggest that, between 2010 and 2020, there has been little change in the percentage for whom a car or a van is the usual means of travel to work (71% in 2010 and 68% in 2020). There was little change to walking which was 12% in 2010 and 14% in 2020. People who work at home are excluded from these figures. These figures are similar to the findings from the SHS shown in table 11.18. (Table 11.14)

2.21 There appears to have been little change in recent years in the average times taken to travel to work by the main modes of transport (in 2020: 23 minutes by car; 44 minutes by bus and 17 minutes by foot). (Table 11.15 b)

2.22 The Scottish Census 2011 showed 2.4 million people aged between 16 and 74 in employment, excluding full-time students. 11% of these worked mainly from home. Of the remaining 2.1 million people, 36% had a journey of under 5 km to work, 43% had a journey of between 5 km and 30 km to work and 8% travelled 30 km or more to work. The remaining 12% had no fixed place of work, worked offshore or worked outside the UK. (Table 11.31).

2.23 Information about travel to work has been collected in population censuses since 1966. Excluding those that worked at home, the percentage of the working population using cars to travel to work had increased from 21% in 1966 to 69% in 2011 and the percentage using buses had fallen from 43% in 1966 to 11% in 2011.There had also been a significant fall in the proportion of the working population who walk to work, from 24% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. (Table 11.16)

2.24 The 2011 Census showed that the distance of people's journey to work tended to vary with their access to cars or vans. Seventy-four per cent of people living in households with no car or van available had a commute of fewer than 10 km, compared with 60 per cent of those in households with one car or van available and 47 per cent of those in households with two or more cars or vans available. Conversely, the proportion of people who travelled 30 km or more to work was higher for people in households with two or more cars or vans available (10 per cent) than for those in households with one car or van available (7 per cent) or with no cars or vans available (4 per cent). (Table 11.33)

Travel to School

2.25 In 2020, 48% of children in full-time education at school usually walked to school, 21% usually went by bus, 26% by car or van, 2% cycled. There was little difference between the sexes, but varied greatly with age: 58% of primary school age pupils (those aged up to 11) usually walked to school compared with only 38% of those of secondary school age (those aged 12 and over); 30% of primary pupils went by car or van compared with only 23% of secondary pupils; and only 1% of primary pupils usually travelled by bus compared with 7% of those of secondary age. (Table 11.19)

2.26 Those usually travelling by car/van tended to rise with household income, to around 30% of pupils from households with an annual net income between £25,000 and £40,000, reflecting patterns seen elsewhere in this chapter e.g. travel to work and car use more generally. Walking to school was lowest (19%) in accessible rural areas. The Sustrans Hands Up Scotland Survey shows similar findings. (Tables 11.19, 11.23 & 11.23a)

2.27 According to the 2011 Scottish Census, 88% of children aged between 4 and 11 travelled less than 5 km to school, including 72% who travelled less than 2 km. 51% of those aged over 18 travelled less than 5 km to their place of study. 430,000 people of any age travelled under 2 km to their place of study, with 73% of these people travelling by foot, 6% travelling by bus and 17% as a passenger in a car or van. Of the 428,000 people who travelled 2 km or more to their place of study, 31 per cent did so as a car driver or passenger, 43 per cent travelled by bus and 7 per cent travelled by train. (Table 11.34 & 11.35)

Travel Abroad

2.28 According to the International Passenger Survey (IPS), Scottish residents made an estimated 5.8 million visits abroad in 2019 with 5.5 million visits (95%) being made by air. Edinburgh was the main airport used and accounted for about 2.7 million visits (46% of all visits abroad), followed by Glasgow (1.6 million or 28%), Aberdeen (259,000 or 4%). Around 174,000 visits abroad (3%) were made by sea, and roughly 89,000 (2%) were made using the Channel Tunnel. (Table 11.24)

2.29 Around 69% of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made for holiday purposes. Of these, 2.2 million (39%) were on a package holiday whilst the rest travelled independently. There were 1.2 million (21%) visits abroad to visit friends or relatives and 505,000 visits abroad for business purposes (9%). (Table 11.24)

2.30 Forty seven per cent (3 million) of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made to EU countries and visits to other European areas totalled 27,000 (0.5%). Visits to Canada and the USA together totalled about 429,000 (7%). (Table 11.25)

2.31 The estimated number of visits abroad by Scottish residents rose from 4.2 million in 2004 to a peak of 4.8 million in 2008, a rise of 14%. There were then increases(apart from 2013) in the numbers each year from 2010 until 2019, an increase of 41%. Between 2005 and 2008 there was a decline in the number of package holidays, although since 2009 the trend has been upwards . Those travelling independently has generally increased as well. Other holidays increased by 14% between 2009 and 2019. There was also a large increase in the number of visits to friends and relatives over the same period, with numbers doubling between 2009 and 2018 and falling 23% between 2018 and 2019. Some of the apparent year-to-year changes may be due to sampling variability, however, the general trends reflect patterns described elsewhere in this publication. (Table 11.26)

Transport Model for Scotland

2.32 Information on travel between different parts of Scotland is available from the Transport Model for Scotland (TMfS). The base year of TMfS is 2018.

2.33 It is estimated that, on an average weekday in 2018, 6.35 million person-trips were made by car, bus or train across the boundaries of one or more of the zones which are within the area covered by the TMfS. Just over one third (35%) of these trips were within the Clydeplan region, 24% within SESplan region, 6% within TAYplan, and 9% within Aberdeen City & Shire. (Table 11.27)

2.34 Of the 6.35 million inter-zonal person trips per weekday it is estimated that 5.4 million were by car. These accounted for over four-fifths of the total, and the main features of the pattern of trips by car were similar to those described in the previous paragraph. There were also an estimated 900 thousand inter-zonal person-trips by bus or train per weekday. Two fifths of these were within Clydeplan, and just over a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

2.35 There was an average of just over 4.6 million journeys per weekday by cars and goods vehicles, with each vehicle containing one or more people. One third were within Clydeplan, and just under a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

Concessionary Travel

2.36 50 million passenger journeys were made under all types of concessionary fare schemes in 2020-21, 66% less than in 2019-20. Concessionary travel schemes have varied over the years: a national minimum standard of free off-peak local bus travel for elderly and disabled people in Scotland was introduced from 30 September 2002, the scheme was extended to men aged 60-64 from 1 April 2003. In 2006 this was superseded by the introduction of the National Concessionary Travel Scheme for the elderly and disabled which allowed free bus travel across Scotland. Including the young persons' scheme, concessionary bus travel accounted for 49million passenger journeys in 2020-21, 98% of concessionary journeys by all modes of transport). (Table 11.29)

Traveline Scotland

2.37 In 2020 Traveline Scotland received 55,221 telephone calls which was 49% less than the previous year. Its Web site and smart phone app recorded 19 million hits in 2020, down 41% from the previous year. (Table 11.30).

Notes

This worksheet contains one table.

note 1

The frequency of driving is shown only for those who hold a full driving licence

note 2

The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.

note 3

This question was asked in even years until 2016, but missed in 2018. Figures will be available in alternate years from 2019.

note 4

From April 2003, the questionnaire changed such that information on possession of driving licences and frequency of driving was no longer collected from the head of the household, or his/her spouse/partner, about all adults in the household, but instead from one randomly chosen adult member of the household about him or herself.

note 5

Question now asked in survey every other year. 2018 is the most recent data available.

note 6

This category includes jogging and walking a dog.

note 7

Note: This table is no longer being updated. Henceforth, information about average times taken to travel to work will be given in Table 11.15 (b), which is on the basis that is used to produce such figures for DfT's "Regional Transport Statistics".

note 8

Sample size for this cell is too small for reliable estimates.

note 9

Some of the figures shown in table 11.15 (b) differ slightly from those in 11.15 (a) due to differing methodology used to extract. Results are weighted using population estimates to ensure they are representative of the population at large.

note 10

Data are for males and females in employment aged 16-99.

note 11

Maximum recorded value of usual travel to work time = 180 minutes.

note 12

The large fall between 2010 and 2011 is due to a small sample size with a small number of very extreme values that are very sensitive to change

note 13

Excluding those who worked at home in 1981, 1991 and 2001 (who were not identified separately in the 1966 and 1971 Census travel to work figures)

note 14

Less than half a per cent but greater than zero.

note 15

Includes 'none' in 1971

note 16

Includes 'none' in 1966; unspecified means of 'Public transport' in 1971, and 'not stated' in all years apart from 2001 (when there was no "not stated" category).

note 17

Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.

note 18

Including the Glasgow Underground .

note 19

e.g. Edinburgh trams, motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

note 20

Value supressed as sample size contains fewer than 50 responses

note 21

Denotes cell value supressed as based on fewer than 5 responses

note 22

For those in full time education at school. The Main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.

note 23

Including those who were said to travel by school bus, private bus, and a few who went by works bus.

note 24

Including the Glasgow Underground.

note 25

The main method of transport is recorded if the journey involves more than one method.

note 26

Including those who were said to travel by private bus, and a few who went by works bus.

note 27

All schools excluding nursery

note 28

These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes- see sections 3.14 and 4.4 of the text.

note 29

“Other UK ports” includes information collected from Rosyth in 2008 Q2 & Q3. There are minor differences between Tables 11.26, 11.27 and 11.28, due to totals being calculated by adding separately-rounded numbers.

note 30

Prestwick airport was removed from the sample in quarter 2 of 2016.

note 31

These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes: the International Passenger Survey does not provide any information about passengers using other routes (e.g.Rosyth) - see sections 11.2 (page 283) and 11.7 (page 288) of the notes and definitions. Prestwick airport was added to the International Passenger Survey sample in 2005, so there are no figures for it prior to then. Removed from the sample quarter 2 of 2016 The results for 2003 and earlier years differ from those published previously because ONS has revised the series retrospectively - for example, the EU/Other Europe breakdown now reflects the position following the enlargement of the EU in 2004.

note 32

IPS changed the methodology for processing the imbalance within the survey data collection. Figures from 2009 have been revised and are not comparable with previous years.

note 33

All travel movements between the 803 zones used to represent the UK. - see section 4.5 of the commentary. The number of shorter distance trips which travel within a model zone area is not known.

note 34

East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire

note 35

City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Fife (South), Scottish Borders and West Lothian

note 36

Dundee City, Angus, Perth & Kinross and Fife (North)

note 37

This traffic and travel data was extracted from the Transport Model for Scotland 2018 (TMfS18) (Base Year Version DL, Model Version TMfS18 V1.0). The data reflects daily travel movements within a 2018 base year and represents the most recent data available from the LATIS service TMfS18 covers the whole of the Scottish Strategic Transport network. England is represented with much less detail. The data reflects 'inter-zonal trips', which includes all travel movements between the 803 zones used to represent the UK. The data does not include more local or short distance movements travelling wholly within model zones.

note 38

Figures include a degree of estimation (e.g. allowances for claims not yet been processed) and may incur some small revisions to previously published data.

note 39

The National Concessionary Travel bus scheme was introduced on 1st April 2006, which allows elderly and disabled free travel on all scheduled bus services in Scotland. This replaced any local schemes.

note 40

2001-02 & 2002-03 figures do not include Eilean Siar.

note 41

The Young People's Concessionary Travel Scheme started in 8 January 2007, aimed at 16 to 18 year olds (inclusive) and full time volunteers (aged under 26).

note 42

The Reimbursement Rate for the National Concessionary Travel bus scheme changed from 73.6% applicable 2006/07 to 2009/10, to 67% applicable 2010/11 to 2012/13, to 61% in 2013/14, to 58.1% in 2014/15, to 57.1% in 2015/16, to 56.9% in 2016/17 and 2017/18, to 56.8% in 2018/19, to 56.5% in 2019/20, to 55.9% in 2020/21.

note 43

A small charge was introduced for ferries in 2010.

note 44

Financial year end figures for 2019/20 impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic

note 45

Traveline Scotland went live for telephone calls on 3 January 2001. Its internet service became operational on 27 October 2002, and was formally launched on 16 December 2002, but statistics of its use are only available from the start of 2003.

note 46

The figures relate to the weeks which ended on Fridays which were in the specified calendar year - for example, the figures for "2003" cover the 52 weeks from the one ending on Friday 3 January 2003 to the week ending on Friday 26 December 2003, inclusive.

note 47

Categerisation of unanswered calls no longer takes place.

note 48

Daily averages are calculated by dividing the total for all the weeks ending in the year by the number of days in those weeks (e.g. 52 x 7 = 364). Therefore, they may differ slightly from the result that would be obtained if one divided by the actual number of days in the year (365 or 366).

note 49

HIts are the record of unique visits to the web site. The web site supplier changed on 1 January 2006 and the new supplier defined hits in a more robust way than the previous supplier so the figures for 2006 onwards are not on a like for like basis with previous years.

note 50

Total number of hits now includes visits to bus departure boards on the Traveline Scotland app Consists of 6,211.7 unique web visits and 1219.2 app departure board visits (thousands)

note 51

Unanswered calls figure has increased due to a massive surge in calls during March 2018 as a result of the "mini beast from the East"severe weather

note 52

Total number of hits for 2018 will be understated due to a server logging issue

note 53

The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.

note 54

Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.

note 55

Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

note 56

Excludes people who live in communal establishments - values for number of cars in a household were imputed where this was missing

note 57

Percentages based on a denominator of 50 respondents or fewer are not shown.

note 58

Due to changes in the survey in response to covid-19, 2020 data is not directly comparable with previous years, so there is a break in the time series between 2019 and 2020

Table 11.10 Frequency of driving for people aged 17+: 2020 [note 1]
'This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Types of driver Every day At least 3 times per week Once or twice per week At least 2 or 3 times per month At least once per month Less than once per month Holds full licence, never drives Total with a full driving licence Doesn't have a full driving licence Sample size (=100%)
  row percentages  
All people aged 17+ in 2017: 21.0 20.0 24.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 6.0 79.0 21.0 2,770
by gender:   100.0
Male 26 21 22 4 2 1 5 80 20 1,240
Female 16 18 24 4 1 3 6 72 28 1,530
Identified in another way [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] -
Refused [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] -
by age:  
17-19 [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] 30
20-29 21 15 17 1 0 1 9 65 35 160
30-39 23 22 18 6 2 2 4 77 23 310
40-49 27 20 25 4 2 2 4 83 17 340
50-59 29 26 23 3 1 1 5 88 12 530
60-69 18 22 31 4 2 3 7 86 14 690
70-79 13 15 28 7 3 3 5 74 26 550
80+ 7 9 28 7 1 3 7 62 38 170
by whether disabled:  
Disabled 12 14 20 4 1 3 7 62 38 710
Not disabled 24 21 23 4 2 1 5 80 20 2,050
by current situation:  
Self employed 30 20 31 2 3 2 6 93 7 170
Employed full - time 29 22 23 4 1 1 4 85 15 870
Employed part - time 24 29 20 2 2 1 5 84 16 290
Looking after the home or family 25 20 14 8 1 0 2 70 30 70
Permanently retired from work 11 16 31 7 2 3 6 75 25 1,130
Unemployed and seeking work 16 6 12 1 0 1 15 50 50 70
In further/higher education 11 14 12 2 0 2 8 50 50 60
Permanently sick or disabled 7 8 7 4 0 6 3 35 65 80
by annual net household income:  
up to £10,000 p.a. 14 17 13 2 0 2 9 57 43 210
over £10,000 - £15,000 10 13 18 2 0 2 10 56 44 310
over £15,000 - £20,000 17 16 18 4 1 2 7 65 35 370
over £20,000 - £25,000 16 14 25 3 3 2 5 69 31 330
over £25,000 - £30,000 25 23 20 4 1 2 4 80 20 290
over £30,000 - £40,000 25 19 26 6 2 1 5 82 18 450
over £40,000 - £50,000 24 25 21 4 0 2 6 82 18 310
over £50,000 p.a. 25 23 29 5 3 3 3 91 9 440
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:   100.0
1 (20 % most deprived) 19 15 15 3 0 2 5 59 41 330
2 22 16 23 6 1 3 6 76 24 440
3 23 21 20 2 4 2 4 76 24 650
4 21 24 27 5 0 1 6 84 16 720
5 (20% least deprived) 19 20 27 5 2 2 6 81 19 630
by urban/rural:  
Large urban areas 18 18 20 4 1 2 8 70 30 780
Other urban 23 20 23 5 2 2 4 77 23 820
Small accessible towns 19 19 28 4 1 1 4 76 24 280
Small remote towns 30 20 23 6 2 3 1 85 15 130
Accessible rural 21 21 29 4 2 2 4 83 17 390
Remote rural 30 26 21 4 1 1 4 87 13 380
Table 11.11 Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days (people aged 16+) 2019 [note 2] [note 3]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Category none as means of transport 1-2 days as means of transport 3-5 days as means of transport 6-7 days as means of transport one or more days as means of transport Sample size(=100%) none just for pleasure or to keep fit 1-2 days just for pleasure or to keep fit 3-5 days just for pleasure or to keep fit 6-7 days just for pleasure or to keep fit one or more days just for pleasure or to keep fit Sample size(=100%)2
  row percentages  
All people in 2016: 33.5 18.0 26.5 22.1 66.5 9,610 38.0 18.9 19.0 24.1 62.0 9,610
by gender:  
Male 32 18 26 24 68 4,280 36 20 19 25 64 4,280
Female 35 18 27 20 65 5,330 40 18 19 23 60 5,330
Identified in another way [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] - [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] -
Refused [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] - [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] [Note 57] -
by age:  
16-19 22 18 37 23 78 190 35 18 23 24 65 190
20-29 23 18 31 28 77 990 35 22 22 21 65 990
30-39 26 20 28 27 74 1,460 33 21 20 26 67 1,460
40-49 32 18 28 22 68 1,350 30 21 19 29 70 1,350
50-59 36 19 26 19 64 1,650 36 19 18 26 64 1,650
60-69 36 17 26 21 64 1,670 39 15 20 26 61 1,670
70-79 47 16 19 19 53 1,500 50 16 15 19 50 1,500
80+ 60 14 14 12 40 800 68 9 11 11 32 800
by disability status:  
Disabled 52 14 19 14 48 2,810 59 12 12 17 41 2,810
Not disabled 27 19 29 24 73 6,770 31 21 21 26 69 6,770
by ethnicity:   100 100
White Scottish 35 18 26 21 65 7,520 39 18 19 24 61 7,520
White other British 36 16 24 24 64 1,260 35 20 18 27 65 1,260
White Polish 25 14 24 37 75 140 26 25 20 29 74 140
Other white 18 18 31 33 82 390 27 24 24 26 73 390
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British 32 29 24 15 68 180 52 20 14 13 48 180
Other 23 18 34 25 77 130 41 21 20 18 59 130
by current situation:  
Self employed 34 19 21 26 66 620 26 22 21 30 74 620
Employed full time 30 19 28 23 70 3,160 33 23 20 25 67 3,160
Employed part time 25 20 34 22 75 1,030 31 19 23 27 69 1,030
Looking after the home/family 27 14 32 26 73 350 39 16 20 26 61 350
Permanently retired from work 45 16 21 19 55 3,240 48 14 17 22 52 3,240
Unemployed/seeking work 24 16 31 29 76 280 29 19 22 31 71 280
In further/higher education 18 17 33 32 82 270 34 23 25 18 66 270
Permanently sick or disabled 52 17 16 15 48 500 73 6 5 17 27 500
by annual net household income:  
up to £10,000 p.a. 32 16 24 28 68 880 45 15 18 22 55 880
over £10,000 - £15,000 36 17 27 20 64 1,390 46 18 15 21 54 1,390
over £15,000 - £20,000 39 17 25 19 61 1,450 48 16 16 19 52 1,450
over £20,000 - £25,000 34 18 26 21 66 1,170 43 18 18 22 57 1,170
over £25,000 - £30,000 36 16 28 20 64 900 41 17 20 22 59 900
over £30,000 - £40,000 34 18 27 21 66 1,350 35 21 19 25 65 1,350
over £40,000 p.a. 30 21 27 23 70 900 32 20 22 26 68 900
over £50,000 p.a. 29 20 26 25 71 1,190 25 23 22 31 75 1,190
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:  
1 (20 % most deprived) 32 16 30 21 68 1,770 49 17 16 19 51 1,770
2 34 19 27 20 66 1,970 42 18 19 21 58 1,970
3 37 16 25 22 63 2,070 36 19 19 25 64 2,070
4 36 18 25 21 64 2,040 33 19 20 28 67 2,040
5 (20% least deprived) 29 20 26 25 71 1,780 30 21 22 27 70 1,780
by urban/rural classification:  
Large urban areas 22 18 31 29 78 2,860 38 20 19 23 62 2,860
Other urban 36 20 26 19 64 3,290 41 19 18 23 59 3,290
Small accessible towns 34 20 27 19 66 850 35 19 19 26 65 850
Small remote towns 37 18 24 21 63 570 40 19 18 23 60 570
Accessible rural 47 15 20 17 53 1,030 33 17 20 30 67 1,030
Remote rural 55 11 15 19 45 1,010 37 16 20 27 63 1,010
by frequency of driving [note 1]  
every day 40 21 22 18 60 3,810 33 20 19 28 67 3,810
at least three times a week 29 21 29 21 71 1,570 31 21 24 24 69 1,570
once or twice a week 31 15 32 22 69 660 36 19 25 20 64 660
less often 30 12 25 34 70 240 47 18 12 24 53 240
Never, but holds full driving licence 27 13 30 31 73 440 39 20 17 24 61 440
Table 11.12 Frequency of Driving for people aged 17+ [note 1] [note 4]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Frequency of driving 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 [Note 58]
  column percentages
Every Day 41.4 40.7 42.0 41.9 40.9 40.9 42.2 41.9 41.4 43.0 21.0
Per Week:  
At least 3 times 12.8 13.3 13.1 13.3 13.9 14.5 14.3 14.7 15.3 15.0 20.0
Once or twice 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.4 24.0
Per Month:  
At least 2 or 3 times 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 4.0
At least once 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0
Less than once 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 2.0
Holds full driving licence, never drives 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.4 6.0
Total with a full driving licence 67.6 67.3 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.0 69.0 69.5 69.5 71.2 79.0
Doesn't have a full driving licence 32.4 32.7 31.7 31.6 31.5 32.0 31.0 30.5 30.5 28.8 21.0
Sample size (=100%) 12,361 12,801 9,828 9,838 9,720 9,340 9,570 9,760 9,650 9,720 2,770
Table 11.13 Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days (people aged 16+) [note 2] [note 5]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Number of days 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2016 2019
As means of transport   column percentages
None 47.6 46.4 44.9 45 46 46 46 48 48 41 38 37 34 33 31 34
1-2 days 18.7 18.3 19.1 18 17 15 16 18 17 18 19 19 20 19 19 18
3-5 days 18.2 20.5 21.6 22 21 22 21 20 22 22 24 24 23 26 26 27
6-7 days 15.4 14.7 14.5 15 16 17 17 14 14 19 19 20 23 22 23 22
1+ days 52.4 53.6 55.1 55 54 54 54 52 53 59 62 63 66 67 69 67
Sample size (=100%) [unavailable] [unavailable] [unavailable] 13,984 14,715 6,992 7,111 6,116 6,197 6,137 6,178 6,381 9,841 9,735 9,580 9,610
Just for pleasure or to keep fit [note 6]  
None 60.3 58.6 57.1 59 56 54 53 53 55 52 49 46 45 42 39 38
1-2 days 15.9 16.9 18.2 18 16 17 17 18 18 19 18 19 19 20 20 19
3-5 days 10.5 11.7 12.1 11 13 14 14 14 13 13 17 17 17 18 20 19
6-7 days 13.2 12.8 12.6 12 14 15 16 16 14 16 17 19 19 20 21 24
1+ days 39.7 41.4 42.9 41 44 46 47 47 45 48 51 54 55 58 61 62
Sample size (=100%) 13,757 14,516 14,643 14,041 14,713 6,993 7,111 6,121 6,209 6,119 6,136 6,372 9,805 9,687 9,580 9,610
Table 11.14 Usual means of travel to usual place of work (in Autumn)
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain
Type of vehicle 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
  percentage
Car,van,minibus,works van 71 68 68 69 69 70 71 70 70 70 68
Bicycle 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
Bus,coach.private bus 10 12 11 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 8
Rail (inc Underground) 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4
Walk 12 12 12 13 12 11 11 11 11 11 14
Other (inc taxi) 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
All 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 11.15(a) Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn) [Note 7]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain
Type of vehicle 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
  minutes
Car,van,minibus,works van 22 22 22 22 23 20 23 20 22 21
Bicycle 14 14 15 15 18 15 14 16 15 16
Bus,coach.private bus 31 33 32 32 32 33 34 33 32 32
Rail (inc Underground) 58 42 55 53 52 47 46 48 46 49
Walk 11 12 12 12 12 11 12 12 12 13
Other (inc taxi) 34 33 45 33 47 42 46 25 36 40
All 22 23 23 23 24 22 24 21 23 22
Table 11.15(b) Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn) [note 9] [note 10] [note 11]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source Oct-Dec, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Labour Force Survey.
Type of vehicle 2010 [note 10] 2011 [note 10] 2012 [note 10] 2013 [note 10] 2014 [note 10] 2015 [note 10] 2016 [note 10] 2017 [note 10] 2018 [note 10] 2019 [note 10] 2020 [note 10]
  minutes
Car 25 23 24 25 24 24 25 24 25 25 23
Motorcycle [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8] [note 8]
Bicycle 20 20 18 22 23 22 26 20 22 23 22
Bus/coach 36 35 39 37 38 37 37 39 35 36 44
Rail 53 51 59 56 49 51 50 54 51 50 53
Walk 14 13 15 14 14 14 16 13 16 15 17
Other [note 12] 73 47 89 77 74 98 49 79 63 51 60
All 26 25 26 27 26 27 26 27 26 26 26

Table 11.16 Usual means of travel to work [Note 13] (in Spring)

This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.

Source: Census travel to work figures

Table 11.16 Usual means of travel to work [Note 13] (in Spring)
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Census travel to work figures
Year Train (including underground) Bus Car Motorcycle Pedal cycle Foot [Note 15] Other [Note 16] (e.g. taxi) Total of these
  percentage
1966 4 43 21 1 2 24 5 100
1971 3 35 29 [Note 14] 2 24 6 100
1981 3 25 46 1 1 20 3 100
1991 3 18 59 1 1 15 3 100
2001 4 12 68 [Note 14] 2 12 2 100
2011 5 11 69 [Note 14] 2 11 2 100
Table 11.17 Employed [Note 17] adults (16+) - place of work: 2020 [Note 58]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Employment type Works from home Does not work from home All employed adults Sample size (=100%)
row percentages
All employed adults 53 47 100 1,330
 
Self - employed 79 21 100 170
Employed full - time 51 49 100 870
Employed part - time 47 53 100 290
Figure 11.3: Travel to work a) 2010 and b) 2020

Figure 11.4: Driver experience of congestion and bus passenger experience of delays 2010-2020

Table 11.18 Employed [Note 17] adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work: 2020
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Category Walking Driver Car or van passenger All Bicycle Bus Rail [Note 18] Other [Note 19] Sample size (=100%) % Public / Active (Former National Indicator)
  row percentages
All people aged 16+: 13 69 5 73 2 8 1 2 630 25
By gender:  
Men 11 70 4 74 2 9 2 3 290 22
Women 16 67 5 72 2 8 1 1 340 28
Identified in another way [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] - [Note 20]
Refused [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] - [Note 20]
by age:  
16 - 20 [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] 10 [Note 20]
20 - 29 28 55 3 58 1 11 0 2 60 40
30 - 39 5 74 4 78 4 11 2 0 110 22
40 - 49 17 67 1 68 2 9 2 3 120 30
50 - 59 10 75 3 78 1 5 2 3 200 18
60 and over 15 72 7 79 1 5 0 0 140 21
by whether disabled:   0
Disabled 13 57 9 66 0 13 2 5 80 31
Not disabled 13 70 4 74 2 7 1 2 550 24
by current situation:  
Self employed [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] 30 [Note 20]
Employed full time 13 68 6 74 2 7 1 2 440 24
Employed part time 14 69 3 72 1 11 1 1 160 27
by annual net household income:  
up to £20,000 p.a. 20 53 3 56 2 17 1 4 120 40
over £20,000 - £30,000 19 68 7 75 2 4 0 0 120 25
over £30,000 - £40,000 12 73 2 75 2 8 2 1 130 24
over £40,000 - £50,000 12 66 8 74 1 7 1 5 120 21
over £50,000 p.a. 6 78 4 82 3 6 2 1 130 16
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:   0 28
1 (20 % most deprived) 9 59 10 69 4 13 1 3 80 30
2 16 59 10 69 1 13 0 1 100 31
3 15 67 1 68 2 13 1 1 160 16
4 12 79 4 83 2 1 1 2 160 23
5 (20% least deprived) 14 74 0 74 1 4 3 4 120
by urban/rural classification:   35
Large urban areas 17 57 7 64 3 12 2 2 160 22
Other urban 12 72 4 76 1 8 1 2 190 28
Small accessible towns 19 71 0 71 4 4 1 1 70 [Note 20]
Small remote towns [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] 40 8
Accessible rural 4 83 6 89 0 4 0 2 70 15
Remote rural 7 79 2 81 4 4 0 4 100
by number of cars:   92
none 48 4 1 5 7 34 6 1 70 23
one 12 68 7 75 3 7 1 3 270 11
two + 7 83 4 87 1 3 1 2 300
Household type   42
Single adult 21 56 0 56 4 14 2 2 110 23
Small adult 14 72 3 75 1 6 2 2 170 [Note 20]
Single parent [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] 20 27
Small family 7 73 0 73 6 11 2 2 100 [Note 20]
Large family [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] [Note 20] 30 18
Large adult 12 70 7 77 0 5 0 5 80 26
Older smaller 13 69 5 74 4 10 0 0 110
Table 11.19 Usual main method of travel to school [Note 22] : 2020
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Category Walking Car or Van Bicycle School Bus [Note 23] Service Bus All buses Rail [Note 24] Other [Note 19] Sample size (=100%)
  row percentages  
All children in full-time education, 2007 48.0 26.0 2.0 17.0 4.0 21.0 1.0 2.0 420
By gender:  
Man/Boy 51 23 3 16 4 20 - 3 200
Woman/Girl 45 29 1 17 4 21 2 2 210
Identified in another way [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] -
Refused [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] -
by age:  
4 to 11 58.0 30.0 3.0 8.0 1.0 9.0 - 0.0 190
12 to 18 38.0 23.0 1.0 25.0 7.0 32.0 3 4.0 230
by annual net household income:  
up to £25,000 56.0 25.0 1.0 14.0 1.0 15.0 - 2.0 80
£25,000 - £40,000 46.0 30.0 3.0 13.0 4.0 17.0 2 2.0 120
over £40,000 p.a. 44.0 25.0 2.0 20.0 5.0 25.0 2 2.0 220
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:  
1 (20 % most deprived) [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 50
2 [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 50
3 47.0 20.0 1.0 18.0 13.0 31.0 - 1.0 100
4 51.0 23.0 3.0 19.0 1.0 20.0 2 1.0 110
5 (20% least deprived) 44.0 30.0 3.0 16.0 3.0 19.0 2 1.0 110
by urban/rural classification:   0.0
Large urban areas 46.0 32.0 4.0 10.0 4.0 14.0 2 2.0 120
Other urban 58.0 28.0 0.0 12.0 1.0 13.0 - 1.0 120
Accessible small towns [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 40
Remote small towns [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 20
Accessible rural 19.0 23.0 4.0 33.0 12.0 45.0 2 6.0 70
Remote rural 43.0 16.0 4.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 - 2 50
by number of cars:  
None [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 30
One 54.0 23.0 3.0 15.0 1.0 16.0 2 1.0 170
Two + 38.0 34.0 2.0 18.0 6.0 24.0 1 2.0 220
Household type:  
Single parent 58.0 20.0 3.0 12.0 2.0 14.0 1 4.0 60
Small family 48.0 26.0 3.0 19.0 2.0 21.0 1 1.0 210
Large family 46.0 28.0 1.0 14.0 9.0 23.0 1 2.0 110
Large adult [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] [Note 21] 40
Table 11.21 Employed [Note 17] adults (16+) - place of work
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Employment status 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 [Note 58]
  column percentages
Works from home 10.1 10.6 13.2 13.3 13.1 14.1 14.5 14.2 16.0 16.1 52.6
Does not work from home 89.9 89.4 86.8 86.7 86.8 85.9 85.5 85.8 84.0 83.9 47.4
All employed adults 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size (100%) 5,862 6,189 4,734 4,848 4,810 4,670 4,720 4,820 4,720 4,890 1,330
Table 11.22 Employed [Note 25] adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Method of travel 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 [Note 58]
  column percentages
Walking 13.4 12.9 13.6 12.9 12.9 13.6 12.3 12.0 11.8 12.0 13.0
Car or van  
Driver 61.0 59.1 61.4 60.6 61.6 60.3 61.7 62.3 62.9 63.1 68.8
Passenger 6.3 7.5 6.0 5.6 6.0 5.6 6.3 5.4 4.8 5.1 4.7
All 67.3 66.6 67.3 66.2 67.6 65.9 68.0 67.7 67.7 68.2 73.5
Bicycle 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.7 2
Bus 10.8 12.0 10.1 11.3 10.2 11.2 10.4 9.8 10.1 9.6 8
Rail [Note 24] 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.4 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.4 1.3
Other [Note 19] 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1
Sample size (100%) 5,221 5,508 4,103 4,157 4,130 3,950 3,970 4,070 3,910 4,050 630
Table 11.23 Usual main method of travel to school [Note 22]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Household Survey
Method of travel 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 [Note 58]
  column percentages
Walking 49.7 50.6 51.4 51.7 51.2 48.8 51.8 51.5 52.3 51.8 47.7
Car or van 23.0 23.4 24.1 24.4 24.5 25.8 25.6 25.5 24.2 25.1 26.1
Bicycle 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.9 1.9 2.1
Bus  
School [Note 26] 16.1 15.1 14.9 14.5 14.5 15.3 12.9 14.2 13.9 14.3 16.7
Service 7.8 6.6 6.2 5.4 5.8 5.7 6.4 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.0
All 23.9 21.7 21.1 19.9 20.3 20.9 19.3 19.8 19.0 19.3 20.7
Rail [Note 24] 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.3 1.3
Other [Note 19] 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.7 2
Sample size (100%) 2,676 2,715 1,923 1,975 1,980 1,880 1,890 1,830 1,720 1,920 420
Table 11.23a Usual main method of travel to school - Hands Up Scotland Survey [Note 27]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Hands Up Scotland Survey - Not National Statistics
Method of travel 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
  column percentages
Walk 47.0 45.8 45.9 45.1 44.1 44.2 43.3 42.8 42.3 42.5 41.0 44.8
Cycle 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.8
Scooter/Skate 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.6
Park & Stride 6.7 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.8 9.3 9.7 9.8 10.2 9.9
Driven 23.3 22.9 22.4 22.2 21.4 21.9 22.4 22.3 22.8 23.1 23.8 22.8
Bus 18.1 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.8 17.7 17.9 16.6 16.5 16.2 16.0 14.1
Taxi 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5
Other 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4
Sample size (100%) 415,804 439,401 427,104 457,488 467,397 487,147 480,161 458,145 473,160 468,537 472,617 405,917
Table 11.24 Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK and purpose of visit, 2019
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
This table was not updated for 2020 as the survey had been suspended. Data for 2021 will be published in 2023.
Source: Office for National Statistics
Means of leaving the UK Package Holiday Other Holiday Business Visiting Friends or Relatives Miscellaneous and Other Purposes Total all visits
  thousands
Air  
Edinburgh 940 821 246 627 43 2,678
Glasgow 920 338 76 271 20 1,624
Prestwick [Note 31] - - - - - 0
Aberdeen 36 65 77 72 8 259
Total Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen 1,896 1,224 400 970 71 4,561
Heathrow 7 41 6 54 108
Gatwick 36 60 6 22 11 135
Stanstead 5 53 18 3 79
Manchester 119 73 5 21 10 227
Newcastle 57 36 3 9 - 104
Birmingham 9 - 3 6 - 18
Other UK Airports 63 118 58 68 5 312
Total Air 2,191 1,604 481 1,167 100 5,544
Channel Tunnel 23 43 7 15 - 89
Sea  
English Channel Ports 6 58 14 19 7 105
English East Coast Ports 25 34 3 3 - 65
Other UK Ports [Note 29] 0 3 - 0 - 3
Total Sea 32 95 17 23 7 174
Total All Means of Leaving the UK 2,247 1,742 505 1,205 108 5,807
Table 11.25 Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK [Note 28] and area visited, 2019
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
This table was not updated for 2020 as the survey had been suspended. Data for 2021 will be published in 2023.
Source: Office for National Statistics
Means of leaving the UK EU Other Europe Canada and USA Australia and New Zealand Asia Rest of the world Total
  thousands
Air  
Edinburgh 1481 14 127 55 107 892 2,678
Glasgow 503 1 109 39 170 802 1,624
Prestwick [Note 30] - - - - - - 0
Aberdeen 200 2 8 6 24 20 259
Total 2,185 18 244 99 300 1,714 4,561
Heathrow 18 9 41 - 33 7 108
Gatwick 39 - 54 - - 42 135
Stanstead 57 - - - 7 15 79
Manchester 83 - 24 9 14 97 227
Newcastle 15 - 2 3 6 79 104
Birmingham 10 - - - 2 7 18
Other UK Airports 126 63 4 30 90 312
Total Air 2,532 27 428 115 392 2,050 5,544
Channel Tunnel 78 - - - - 11 89
Sea  
English Channel Ports 88 - - - - 17 105
English East Coast Ports 59 - - - - 7 65
Other UK Ports[Note 29] - - 1 - - 3 3
Total Sea 146 0 1 0 0 27 174
Total All Means of Leaving the UK 2,756 27 429 115 392 2,088 5,807
Table 11.26 Scottish residents' visits abroad, by means of leaving the UK [Note 31] [Note 32] purpose of visit, and area visited
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
This table was not updated for 2020 as the survey had been suspended. Data for 2021 will be published in 2023.
Source: Office for National Statistics
Means of leaving the UK and purpose of visit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
  thousands
All visits abroad by Scots 4,042 4,098 4,137 4,096 4,499 4,572 4,754 5,135 5,540 5,807
by means of leaving the UK  
Air Total 3,740 3,845 3,925 3,868 4,222 4,343 4,525 4,881 5,284 5,544
Edinburgh 1,156 1,261 1,238 1,357 1,431 1,579 1,828 2,206 2,514 2,678
Glasgow 1,137 1,159 1,234 1,016 1,247 1,289 1,399 1,558 1,596 1,624
Prestwick [Note 30] 441 445 393 411 348 285 33 0 0 0
Aberdeen 206 220 256 256 303 294 308 314 295 259
Total these airports 2,940 3,085 3,121 3,040 3,328 3,448 3,568 4,078 4,405 4,561
Heathrow 116 103 111 103 83 81 87 61 101 108
Gatwick 148 177 227 155 171 212 203 179 149 135
Stanstead 57 46 45 32 38 63 81 59 40 79
Manchester 138 133 141 173 231 200 183 172 246 227
Newcastle 122 86 94 83 94 71 91 85 125 104
Birmingham 21 15 18 21 28 24 19 21 23 18
Other UK Airports 198 200 168 261 247 245 292 225 195 312
Channel Tunnel 97 73 80 75 80 82 72 95 71 89
Sea Total 205 181 133 154 197 147 157 159 185 174
English Channel Ports 130 120 84 117 126 88 78 66 88 105
English East Coast Ports 42 54 44 33 67 57 73 64 76 65
Other UK Ports 33 6 5 4 4 2 6 28 20 3
by purpose of visit  
Package holiday 1,265 1,205 1,281 1,205 1,391 1,506 1,562 1,650 1,729 2,247
Other holiday 1,493 1,484 1,469 1,513 1,644 1,613 1,553 1,655 1,804 1,742
Business 501 547 492 464 540 487 493 513 504 505
Visit friends / relatives 701 791 786 834 844 895 1,081 1,265 1,451 1,205
Misc. and other 81 71 110 80 79 71 64 51 52 108
by area visited  
EU 1,741 1,854 1,904 1,874 2,009 1,968 2,124 2,400 2,562 2,756
Other Europe 6 16 6 16 12 4 11 18 6 27
North America 389 327 342 315 374 367 458 423 494 429
Australia & New Zealand 55 75 61 69 83 94 68 94 97 115
Asia 222 178 181 212 262 190 258 288 382 392
Rest of the World 1,628 1,648 1,642 1,612 1,759 1,950 1,836 1,911 1,999 2,088
by means of leaving the UK and main purposes of visits  
Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen  
Package holiday 918 897 1,023 903 1,051 1,184 1,244 1,390 1,394 1,896
Other holiday 1,049 1,084 1,054 1,105 1,169 1,165 1,108 1,203 1,320 1,224
Business 337 407 365 300 374 359 352 401 397 400
Visit friends / relatives 580 648 629 683 682 713 828 1,054 1,256 970
Other UK airport  
Package holiday 1,159 1,121 1,246 1,148 1,328 1,449 1,502 1,601 1,696 2,191
Other holiday 1,374 1,370 1,360 1,405 1,502 1,506 1,473 1,536 1,643 1,604
Business 442 522 469 437 504 465 450 479 470 481
Visit friends / relatives 686 765 757 806 817 857 1,040 1,219 1,429 1,167
Sea or Channel Tunnel  
Package holiday 89 73 23 50 58 44 53 34 33 32
Other holiday 85 74 69 63 99 64 58 66 116 95
Business 18 14 15 18 13 13 15 21 19 17
Visit friends / relatives 12 16 18 14 20 24 29 35 14 23
by main purposes of visit and area visited  
Package holiday  
EU 360 398 380 347 433 419 468 559 525 850
Elsewhere 904 807 901 858 959 1,087 1,094 1,091 1,204 1,396
Other holiday  
EU 634 651 709 727 790 734 725 854 951 893
Elsewhere 859 833 760 786 854 879 827 800 853 850
Business  
EU 316 334 304 300 328 275 305 286 339 323
Elsewhere 185 213 188 164 212 212 188 226 165 183
Visit friends / relatives  
EU 380 428 449 457 415 513 582 676 735 628
Elsewhere 321 363 337 377 429 382 499 589 716 577
Table 11.27a Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal [Note 33] trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2018 [Note 37]
Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:18) - Not National Statistics
People: by car, bus or train Destination
Origin Clydeplan [Note 34] SESplan [Note 35] TAYplan [Note 36] Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
  thousands
Clydeplan [Note 34] 2,199 54 5 2 3 55 42 17 10 2,388
SESplan[Note 35] 62 1,497 35 2 2 3 46 4 18 1,671
TAYplan [Note 36] 5 33 402 9 0 0 7 2 1 461
Aberdeen City & Shire 2 3 12 541 0 0 1 8 1 569
Dumfries & Galloway 3 2 0 0 116 3 0 0 5 130
Ayrshire 58 3 1 0 3 297 1 1 1 365
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 43 40 7 1 0 1 241 1 1 336
Elsewhere in Scotland 18 4 2 9 0 1 1 353 2 392
Rest of UK 8 18 1 1 6 1 1 2 0 39
Total 2,401 1,654 465 566 130 361 342 390 41 6,350
Table 11.27b Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal [Note 33] trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2018 [Note 37]
Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:18) - Not National Statistics
(b) People: by car   Destination  
Origin Clydeplan [Note 34] SESplan [Note 35] TAYplan [Note 36] Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
  thousands
Clydeplan [Note 34] 1,830 43 4 1 3 46 38 14 5 1,985
SESplan[Note 35] 51 1,243 32 2 2 2 41 3 10 1,385
TAYplan [Note 36] 4 30 358 9 0 0 7 2 1 411
Aberdeen City & Shire 2 2 11 497 0 0 1 7 1 521
Dumfries & Galloway 3 2 0 0 106 3 0 0 5 120
Ayrshire 50 2 1 0 3 265 1 1 1 323
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 39 35 6 1 0 1 216 1 1 300
Elsewhere in Scotland 16 3 2 9 0 1 1 328 2 361
Rest of UK 4 10 1 1 5 0 1 2 0 24
Total 1,999 1,370 415 519 119 319 305 359 25 5,429
Table 11.27c Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal [Note 33] trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2018 [Note 37]
Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:18) - Not National Statistics
(c) People: by bus or train Destination
Origin Clydeplan [Note 34] SESplan [Note 35] TAYplan [Note 36] Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
  thousands
Clydeplan [Note 34] 369 12 1 0 0 9 5 3 4 404
SESplan[Note 35] 12 254 4 1 0 1 5 1 9 286
TAYplan [Note 36] 1 3 44 1 0 0 0 0 0 50
Aberdeen City & Shire 0 1 1 44 0 0 0 1 0 48
Dumfries & Galloway 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 11
Ayrshire 8 1 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 42
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 4 5 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 36
Elsewhere in Scotland 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 26 0 31
Rest of UK 4 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 15
Total 402 285 50 48 11 42 36 31 16 921
Table 11.27d Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal [Note 33] trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2018 [Note 37]
Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:18) - Not National Statistics
(d) Vehicle trips: cars and goods vehicles only Destination
Origin Clydeplan [Note 34] SESplan [Note 35] TAYplan [Note 36] Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
  thousands
Clydeplan [Note 34] 1,562 47 4 2 3 52 34 12 7 1,723
SESplan[Note 35] 50 1,124 27 2 2 4 37 3 11 1,261
TAYplan [Note 36] 5 26 277 8 0 0 6 2 1 325
Aberdeen City & Shire 3 3 10 403 0 0 0 8 1 428
Dumfries & Galloway 3 2 0 0 97 3 0 0 5 111
Ayrshire 44 3 1 0 2 228 1 1 1 281
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 36 33 5 0 0 2 217 1 1 295
Elsewhere in Scotland 13 2 2 8 0 1 1 249 2 279
Rest of UK 6 11 1 1 5 1 1 2 0 28
Total 1,721 1,253 328 423 111 291 298 278 29 4,731
Table 11.29 Passenger journeys made under concessionary fare schemes
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Source: Transport Scotland & Strathclyde Partnership for Transport - Not National Statistics
Type of concessionary journey 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 7 2020-2021
(a) all journeys made under concessionary fare schemes [Note 38]  
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme   millions
Buses [Note 39] N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rail 3.29 3.37 3.19 3.17 3.37 3.36 3.42 3.51 3.52 3.52 0.57
Underground 0.77 0.71 0.70 0.77 0.82 0.81 0.72 0.85 0.91 0.90 0.2
Ferries 0.68 0.63 0.65 0.64 0.67 0.65 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.67 0.24
Taxis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 4.74 4.71 4.54 4.58 4.86 4.82 4.82 5.01 5.10 5.09 1.01
Other concessionary fare schemes3  
Buses [Note 39] [Note 41] [Note 42](i.e. the National schemes) 147.47 149.68 146.28 148.64 148.27 146.52 145.62 142.33 145.12 140.7 48.65
Rail 0.62 0.88 1.04 1.46 2.13 2.31 2.34 1.93 1.87 1.85 0.17
Underground 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries [Note 43] 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.02
Taxis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 148.14 150.61 147.38 150.16 150.46 148.89 148.02 144.32 147.05 142.61 48.84
All concessionary fare schemes [Note 40]  
Buses [Note 39] [Note 41] [Note 42] 147.47 149.68 146.28 148.64 148.27 146.52 145.62 142.33 145.12 140.70 48.65
Rail 3.91 4.25 4.23 4.63 5.50 5.67 5.76 5.44 5.39 5.37 0.74
Underground 0.77 0.71 0.70 0.77 0.82 0.81 0.72 0.85 0.91 0.90 0.20
Ferries 0.73 0.68 0.71 0.70 0.73 0.71 0.74 0.71 0.73 0.73 0.26
Taxis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 152.88 155.32 151.92 154.74 155.32 153.71 152.84 149.33 152.15 147.70 49.85
(b) of which: journeys which were made free of charge to the traveller1
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme  
Buses [Note 39] N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rail 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries [Note 43] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other concessionary fare schemes  
Buses [Note 39] [Note 41] [Note 42] (i.e. the National schemes) 146.09 148.09 144.54 146.87 146.75 145.31 144.71 141.75 144.63 140.4 48.6
Rail 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.02
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 146.14 148.14 144.60 146.93 146.81 145.37 144.77 141.81 144.69 140.45 48.62
All concessionary fare schemes  
Buses [Note 39] [Note 41] [Note 42] 146.09 148.09 144.54 146.87 146.75 145.31 144.71 141.75 144.63 140.40 48.60
Rail 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.02
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 146.14 148.14 144.60 146.93 146.81 145.37 144.77 141.81 144.69 140.45 48.62
Table 11.30 Traveline Scotland: telephone calls and web site hits [Note 45]
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Source: Transport Scotland - Not National Statistics
Calls answered 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Weeks included in year [Note 46]
Telephone calls 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 53
Web site 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52
thousands
Calls answered 700.7 503.9 399.8 331.7 286.7 219.9 214.1 166.0 157.0 106.1 54.05
Calls unanswered
Ring tone, no reply [Note 47] 2.8 0.4 0.7 - - - - - - - -
Engaged tone [Note 47] 1.9 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - - -
Other [Note 47] 2.6 0.3 2.5 - - - - - - - -
Total unanswered [Note 51] 7.3 0.7 3.2 6.5 8.5 2.6 10.0 13.0 26.0 2 1.2
Total number of calls 708.1 507.1 403.0 338.2 295.2 222.5 224.1 179.0 183.0 108.1 55.2
percentages
Percentage answered 99.0 99.4 99.2 98.1 97.1 98.8 95.5 92.7 85.8 98.1 97.9
numbers
Daily average answered [Note 48] 1,925 1,384 1,098 911 788 604 588 456 431 291 146
seconds
Answered calls: av. duration 142.6 161.5 178.3 180.0 182.0 190 195 205 184 179 182
thousands
Total number of hits [Note 49] [Note 50] [Note 52] 4,349.7 7,430.9 10,166.9 11,532.4 12,636.1 20,080.9 29,000.0 35,069.4 33,152.8 31,838.6 18,779.8
numbers
Daily average hits [Note 48] 11,950 20,415 27,931 31,682 34,715 55,167 79,670 96,345 91,079 87,469 51,593
Table 11.31 Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work: 2011 [Note 53] [Note 55]
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Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
Excluding those working mainly from home
All Adults Work mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km 5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km to less than 40 km 40 km to less than 60 km 60 km and over Other [Note 54] Total Number (=100%)
  row percentages  
All 10.8 14.7 21.6 19.2 17.0 7.2 3.3 2.5 2.3 12.3 2,400,925
Table 11.32 Employed adults (16-74) mode of transport to place of work: 2011 [Note 53][Note 54] [Note 55]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
Excluding those working mainly from home
All Adults Work mainly at or from home Underground, metro, light rail or tram Train Bus, minibus or coach Taxi or minicab Driver, car or van Passenger, car or van Motorcycle, scooter or moped Bicycle On foot Other Total Number (=100%)
  row percentages  
All 10.8 0.3 4.2 11.2 0.7 62.8 6.5 0.3 1.6 11.1 1.3 2,400,925
Table 11.33 Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work by car/van availability: 2011 [Note 53][Note 54] [Note 55] [Note 56]
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Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
Excluding those working mainly from home
All Adults Work mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km 5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km and over Other Total Number (=100%)3
row percentages  
All 10.7 14.6 21.6 19.3 17.0 7.3 8.0 12.3 2,390,595
Number of cars or vans available for private use:  
None 10.8 24.8 30.9 17.9 9.4 3.0 3.6 10.5 314,494
One 10.0 16.4 23.7 19.7 15.9 6.2 6.7 11.4 932,787
Two or more 11.1 10.2 17.3 19.3 20.1 9.3 10.3 13.5 1,143,314
Table 11.34 All people aged 4 and over studying, distance to place of study by age: 2011 [Note 53] [Note 55]
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Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
Excluding those studying mainly from home
All Adults Study mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km 5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km to less than 40 km 40 km to less than 60 km 60 km and over Other Total Number (=100%)
row percentages  
All 12.4 49.3 23.4 11.7 7.5 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.7 996,282
By age:  
4 to 11 11.8 72.3 15.9 6.3 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 386,410
12 to 15 11.1 42.0 32.0 13.6 8.0 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 241,975
16 to 17 10.7 34.2 30.6 15.8 10.9 3.8 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 101,169
18 and over 15.2 27.6 23.5 16.4 12.4 5.8 3.5 3.0 2.3 5.2 266,728
Table 11.35 All people aged 4 and over studying, mode of transport to place of study by distance: 2011 [Note 53] [Note 55]
This worksheet contains one table. Some cells refer to notes which can be found in the notes worksheet.
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
Excluding those studying mainly from home
By distance Study mainly at or from home Train, underground, metro, light rail or tram Bus, minibus or coach Driver, car or van Passenger, car or van Bicycle On foot Other Total Number (=100%)
  row percentages  
All 12.4 3.7 24.6 5.3 19.1 1.2 44.7 1.5 996,282
Less than 2km [Not applicable] 0.3 6.2 0.8 17.3 1.2 73.3 0.8 429,936
2km to less than 5km [Not applicable] 2.6 40.9 4.6 26.2 1.6 22.2 1.8 203,907
5km to less than 10km [Not applicable] 6.1 52.1 9.4 20.2 0.8 9.0 2.4 102,246
10km to less than 20km [Not applicable] 11.5 46.2 14.7 16.4 0.3 8.3 2.6 65,101
20km to less than 30km [Not applicable] 17.9 35.7 20.5 14.5 0.3 8.9 2.1 23,802
30km to less than 40km [Not applicable] 25.5 29.7 20.9 11.6 0.4 10.1 1.8 12,406
40km to less than 60km [Not applicable] 23.3 27.7 22.8 10.7 0.5 13.3 1.8 10,174
60km and over [Not applicable] 14.1 25.2 15.6 10.7 1.6 30.7 2.1 10,245
Other [Not applicable] 4.5 21.0 16.5 5.1 3.2 46.1 3.7 14,536
Figure 11.1 Calls to Traveline Scotland in 2020

Figure 11.2 Traveline Scotland - Web & App hits in 2020