A9 dualling Perth to Inverness

The A9 dualling programme will upgrade 83 miles (133 kilometres) of road from single to dual carriageway. Transport Scotland’s £3.97 billion (at April 2025 prices) investment is designed to deliver improved safety, reliability and resilience, support economic growth through more reliable and quicker journey times, and enhance links to non-motorised user, cycling and public transport facilities. The A9 is a vital element of Scotland’s national infrastructure, connecting communities in the Highlands and Islands with central Scotland.

The programme includes dualling of 10 sections. In December 2023, the Government set out a Delivery Plan to complete A9 Dualling by the end of 2035. Work to implement that Delivery Plan took place throughout 2024 and 2025 with all planned milestones within that period being delivered as planned.

In January 2026 the Government confirmed that the remaining elements of the programme will be delivered using capital‑funded design and build or similar contracts. The 2026 Delivery Plan, also announced in January, is based on the establishment of a Framework Agreement, under which five contracts will be procured to complete the design and construction of the A9 Dualling Programme by 2035. Further details can be found on the Delivery Plan page.

The 2026 Delivery Plan maintains continuous construction activity across the corridor, with projects or sections of projects being opened for use as they are completed on a phased basis. This will see the proportion of dual carriageway between Perth and Inverness increase to 50% by the end of 2030, 67% by the end of 2032, 91% by the end of 2034, and 100% by the end of 2035.

A dedicated A9 Dualling website was launched in early 2024 which provides focussed information about the A9 Dualling programme. You can sign up for news and tailored alerts regarding traffic management and project updates.

The A9 dualling programme will bring several benefits for locals and road users. The objectives of the scheme are:

• To improve the operational performance of the A9 by:
  • Reducing journey times; and
  • Improving journey time reliability.
• To improve safety for motorised and non-motorised users by:
  • Reducing accident severity; and
  • Reducing driver stress.
• To facilitate active travel within the corridor; and
• To improve integration with public transport facilities.

The Scottish Government’s Strategic Transport Projects Review (STPR), published in 2008, also identifies the potential economic benefits of the A9 upgrades. It states that the work is expected to provide a significant contribution to the government's purpose of increasing sustainable economic growth.

The A9 Dualling Programme Case for Investment

Transport Scotland produced an extensive Case for Investment, with a Technical Report and Executive Summary. Read the publications below:

• A9 Dualling Programme - Case for Investment - Main Report - September 2016
• A9 Dualling Programme - Case for Investment - Summary Report - October 2016

In December 2023, the Cabinet Secretary the then Transport, Net Zero and Just Transition announced the delivery plan for the remaining A9 Dualling projects in Parliament.

In January 2026, following the decision to procure the remaining contracts using capitally funded contracts, the Cabinet Secretary for Transport announced the 2026 Delivery Plan for the A9 Dualling Programme in Parliament.

Progress so far

Since the start of A9 Dualling two projects have been brought into operational use as dual carriageways:

• Kincraig to Dalraddy – dualling operational in September 2017
• Luncarty to Pass of Birnam – dualling operational in August 2021

Two projects are currently under construction:

• Tomatin to Moy – dualling expected to be operational by the end of Spring 2028
• Tay Crossing to Ballinluig – dualling expected to be operational by the end of 2028

One project is currently in procurement:

• Pitlochry to Killiecrankie – contract award expected Autumn 2026 and dualling expected to be operational by the end of 2030

Following publication of the 2023 Delivery Plan, all of the milestone set out in the plan were delivered as planned:

• Award of the contract for Tomatin to Moy – July 2024
• Commencement of procurement for Tay Crossing to Ballinluig – May 2024
• Award of the contract for Tay Crossing to Ballinluig – July 2025
• Commencement of procurement for Pitlochry to Killiecrankie – July 2025
• Completion of further decision making on the use of Mutual Investment Model contracts – Late 2025

Plan for future progress

Following the Government’s announcement in January 2026, completion of A9 Dualling will now be delivered entirely through capital-funded design and build or similar contracts

The 2026 Delivery Plan is based on the establishment of a Framework Agreement, under which five contracts will be procured to deliver the remaining projects that have not yet reached procurement, whilst maintaining the target of completing dualling by the end of 2035. The updated Delivery Plan includes the following updates:

• Framework Agreement – procurement expected to commence Spring 2026, parties appointed Winter 2026/2027

• Dalraddy to Slochd – procurement expected to commence Winter 2026/2027, contract award expected Autumn 2027, dualling expected to be operational by end of 2032

• Glen Garry to Crubenmore – Glen Garry to Dalwhinnie and Dalwhinnie to Crubenmore projects to be procured as a single contract, procurement expected to commence Autumn 2027, contract award expected Summer 2028, dualling expected to be operational by end of 2034

• Pass of Birnam to Tay Crossing – subject to completion of statutory processes, procurement expected to commence Summer 2028, contract award expected Spring 2029, dualling expected to be operational by end of 2033

• Killiecrankie to Glen Garry – procurement expected to commence Spring 2029, contract award expected Winter 2029/30, dualling expected to be operational by end of 2034

• Crubenmore to Kincraig – procurement expected to commence Winter 2029/30, contract award expected Autumn 2030, dualling expected to be operational by end of 2035

This approach will create a rolling programme of construction leading to the progressive opening of dualled sections. It is expected that:

• 50% of the A9 between Perth and Inverness will be dualled by the end of 2030
• 67% by the end of 2032
• 91% by the end of 2034
• 100% by the end of 2035

Estimated Programme Cost

The updated cost estimate for the programme is £3.97 billion (at April 2025 prices). When adjusted for inflation, this is equivalent to £2.5 billion at April 2008 prices, which remains within the original cost estimate of £3 billion at 2008 prices.

In 2008, the Scottish Government’s Strategic Transport Projects Review (STPR) set out the future investment programme for transport in Scotland over two decades including the proposed upgrade of the A9. As part of this upgrade work, the STPR identified dualling sections from Perth to Blair Atholl, then Aviemore to Inverness and Blair Atholl to Aviemore.

Then, in December 2011, the Scottish Ministers confirmed a commitment to upgrade the A9 between the cities of Perth and Inverness to full dual carriageway by 2025 as part of their Infrastructure Investment Plan (IIP).

The challenges

We are working with key agencies, authorities and local communities to address the challenges, including:

• new bridges and major bridge widening
• improving accessibility for local communities
• addressing accident clusters
• managing the impact on the many environmental designations
• improving access to tourist and recreation sites including the Cairngorms National Park
• minimising impact of construction
• upgrading the existing dual carriageway sections to a standard consistent with the new route

Transport Scotland is working with key agencies, authorities and local communities to find the best solutions.

The strategy

Transport Scotland worked with key agencies to develop a strategy for the delivery of such a large and complex project. The A9 dualling strategy is designed to account for risks and opportunities over the course of the project, as well as maximising the benefits that the dualling may bring.

As work on the programme progresses, Transport Scotland will ensure that arrangements for participation are inclusive, open and transparent and that a wide range of participants are encouraged to get involved.

All proposals are developed following the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) and with planning permissions gained through the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984.

Design development stages for the A9

Stage 1 (Strategic Assessment)

• Strategic planning and development of improved transport links between Perth and Inverness
• This stage is complete - The Strategic Transport Projects Review (STPR), published in 2008, broadly defined the need for the A9 to be dualled between Perth and Inverness
• Topographical and environmental surveys
• Traffic and business surveys

Stage 2 (Route Options Assessment)

• Development and assessment of route options for upgrading the A9 from single to dual carriageway
• This includes an engineering and environmental assessment of the potential impacts of each option to inform the route choice
• During this stage the options will be made available for consultation
• Following this assessment and consultation, the preferred option is then selected and taken forward to the detailed stage

Stage 3 (Detailed Design and Assessment)

• Detailed assessment and definition of the preferred dualling option
• An Environmental Statement is prepared and the land required for the dualling is also identified

Statutory Process (Publication of Environmental Statement and Orders)

• The draft Compulsory Purchase Order (defining the extent of the proposed land required to deliver the scheme), the draft Roads Orders (defining the line of the proposed infrastructure) and the Environmental Statement (ES) are published
• Any statutory objections, which are lodged during the defined period but remain unresolved, are then considered at a Public Local Inquiry (PLI)
• If the objections are upheld following the PLI, the scheme may have to be amended and taken through the statutory process again
• If the objections are resolved or dismissed, then the draft orders are finalised and made
• Following the publication of the made orders, there is a legal challenge period. After this point the legal permissions have been obtained and the preferred option can proceed with the necessary acquisition of land

Procurement (Tender process to appoint a works contractor)

• Prior Information Notices (PIN) are issued and Contract Notices follow - inviting suppliers to express an interest in the procurement
• Pre Qualification process is used to shortlist suppliers that will be invited to tender
• An Invitation to Tender (ITT) is issued to the shortlist of suppliers. The tenders are evaluated by Transport Scotland, a supplier is selected and the contract is awarded. The preferred dualling option can then move to the construction phase

The A9 passes through areas of outstanding natural beauty that are rich with wildlife and diverse landscapes. The Cairngorms National Park, the largest national park in Britain, is just one of many significant landscapes reached by the A9 between Perth and Inverness.

Such natural beauty not only carries inherent value, but it is also a part of the region's tourist appeal. Conserving this natural heritage is an important part of our approach to the A9 Dualling programme.

Transport Scotland regularly engages with key statutory authorities, including Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Cairngorms National Park Authority (CNPA) and Historic Environment Scotland. Through detailed consultations we can effectively manage the many environmental challenges presented by the dualling programme.

Strategic Environmental Assessment

Transport Scotland has carried out a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005.

Working with the key statutory bodies and a range of environmental stakeholders we have identified the key environmental and landscape issues along the proposed route and have assessed the potential impacts associated with the dualling programme.

In June 2013, we published an Environmental Report that details the outcomes of the assessment. In March 2014 we prepared and published an Addendum to the Environmental Report, which responded to issues such as the potential impact on flood risk.

Transport Scotland has concluded the Strategic Environmental Assessment process for the A9 Dualling Programme and has published a SEA Post Adoption Statement in accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005. This statement is the last formal output of the SEA process for the Dualling Programme and outlines how the assessment findings and the comments received through the consultation process have been taken into account.

• A9 Dualling - Strategic environmental statement 
• A9 Dualling - SEA addendum environmental report 
• A9 Dualling - SEA Post Adoption Statement
• A9 Dualling - Sustainability strategy

The multi-agency A9 Safety Group was established in July 2012 to reduce road casualties on the A9 which stretches from Dunblane to Thurso.

The main aim of the group is to explore measures which could be introduced on the route. This includes engineering, enforcement, education and encouragement that influences driver behaviour in a way that makes the road safer.

Engaging with local communities, businesses and individuals has been a priority for the A9 dualling team since the work to dual the route started.

This has included a number of drop-in sessions and public exhibitions in different venues along the length of the A9 corridor between Perth and Inverness. This has allowed communities affected by the programme to ask questions about its impact, discuss their concerns and has let them comment on our plans during the design period.

An Engaging with communities booklet has been developed. This sets out how the engagement will take place, including for the Kincraig to Dalraddy scheme – the first section to be dualled.

Public consultation

Transport Scotland takes public consultation seriously - it's a vital part of our work as we develop our plans to dual the A9 between Perth and Inverness. We consult with a wide range of parties including agencies, local communities, road users and the general public.

Use the table below to find out how we are consulting the public during the course of the project.

Agencies consulted on the programme include:

• Business/Commerce/Economy/Integration: Scottish Enterprise, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Scottish Council for Development and Industry, Perthshire Chamber of Commerce, Inverness Chamber of Commerce, Moray Chamber of Commerce, Aberdeen & Grampian Chamber of Commerce, Scottish Chambers of Commerce, Road Haulage Association, Rail Freight Group, United Road Transport Group, Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, Freight Transport Association, British International Freight Association, UNITE the Union, Scottish Food & Drink Industry
• Local Authority/Regional Transport Partnerships: The Highland Council, Perth & Kinross Council, Moray Council, Aberdeenshire Council, Aberdeen City Council, HITRANS, NESTRANS, TACTRAN
• Accessibility: SUSTRANS, The Highland Council, Moray Council; Perth and Kinross Council, Aberdeenshire Council, Cairngorms National Park Authority, Ramblers Scotland, British Horse Society, CTC Scotland, HITRANS, ScotWays
• Environment: Scottish Natural Heritage, Historic Environment Scotland, SEPA, Forestry Commission Scotland, Cairngorms National Park Authority
• Tourism: Cairngorms National Park Authority, Visit Scotland, Scottish Government Tourism & Enterprise, Scottish Government Tourism Leadership Group
• Network Rail