Chapter 11: Personal and Cross-Modal Travel
Chapter 11: Personal and Cross-Modal Travel
Personal And Cross-Modal Travel
1. Introduction
1.1 This chapter previously included information from the National Travel Survey (NTS). However, Scottish data are no longer collected in the NTS, estimates for Scotland from the NTS are available in previous editions of this publication. This chapter now focuses on estimates derived mainly from the Scottish Household Survey (SHS), findings from others sources are marked as such within the text.
1.2 The SHS is a sample survey and provide person-based cross-modal information, in contrast to most of the earlier chapters, which tend to be based on particular modes of transport. The SHS also includes a travel diary that asks respondents for information about the journeys they made on the previous day, including information on the duration, distance, purpose and mode of travel. More information and further tables covering transport findings from the Scottish Household Survey can be found in Transport and Travel in Scotland: http://bit.ly/2qbgypZ
1.3 In this edition of STS we have also presented relevant information on travel behaviours collected from the 2011 census as previously published by the National Records of Scotland. More information about the sources used can be found in the Sources section on page 225.
Key points
- 73% of people had travelled the previous day when asked in 2018, down from 79% in 2008.
- Of the 515 million public transport journeys made in 2018, 73 per cent were by bus, 19 per cent were journeys by rail, air accounts for 6 per cent and ferries 2 per cent.
- Thirty per cent of journeys to work and 74 per cent of journeys to school are by public and active travel.
2. Main Points
Trips
2.1 People in Scotland made less trips in 2018, with 73% reporting having travelled the previous day, down from 79% in 2008. Men were more likely to have travelled the previous day than women (74% compared to 72%) and older people were less likely to have travelled than younger people.
2.2 As in previous years, the car was the most popular mode of transport for journeys made in 2018, with 53% of journeys made as a car driver. This was slightly higher than the previous year. Thirteen per cent of journeys were made as a car passenger. Bus travel accounted for 8% and rail travel for 3%. A fifth of journeys were by walking (20%) and cycling accounted for 1% of all journeys. Three per cent of journeys were multi-stage, involving a change in mode of transport.
2.3 Twenty seven per cent of adults used the bus at least once per week in 2018, with 42% using a bus in the past month. Train use appeared to be less frequent; 10% of people had used the train at least once a week and 31% of people had used a train in the last month, in 2018.
Distance travelled
2.4 In 2018, most journeys tended to be over short distances, with 16% of all journeys being under 1 km long and a further 25% between 1 and 3 km. The mean journey distance in 2018 was 11.4 km.
2.5 The average cycling journey was 4.7 km in length and the average walking journey was 2.0 km in length in 2018. Rail and car journeys tended to be over greater distances with car journeys covering an average of 13.5 km and rail journeys 28.7 km. Most journeys by active travel were made over short distances - 77% of walking journeys and 32% of cycling journeys were under 2 km.
2.6 In 2018, both shopping and commuting (23.0% and 24.3% respectively) were the most frequent journey purposes, followed by visiting friends or relatives (10.1%), returning home (7.0%) and sport/entertainment (6.3%). These percentages have stayed fairly stable in the last year.
Duration travelled
2.7 In terms of journey time, most journeys in 2018 were short, with 67% lasting for less than 20 minutes: 36% of journeys were between 5 and 10 minutes long, 42% between ten and thirty minutes long and 13% between thirty minutes and an hour long. Only 5.3% of journeys lasted more than an hour and only 3.5% of journeys were very short (lasting under 5 minutes).
Car access
2.8 Adults in households with more cars were more likely to have travelled the previous day – 62% of adults living in households with no cars normally available travelled the previous day, compared to 79% of adults with two or more cars. Similarly, 8% of adults in households with no cars made more than four journeys the previous day compared to 19% of those in households with two or more cars. Car driving by adults increased with an increase in car availability. Where no car was normally available, 3% of adults’ journeys were as a driver of a car, compared to 57% where one car was available, and 70% where two or more cars were available. Adults in households with no car made 13% of their journeys as a passenger in a car or van, compared to 14% for those in households with one car, and 12% where two or more cars were available.
2.9 Adults in households with no car access made a far higher proportion of their journeys by public and active travel. Bicycle use was highest for adults in households with no cars available – 3% of journeys as opposed to 1% for those in households with one car and 1% for those with two or more cars. Adults in households with no cars available had a much higher proportion of journeys by foot: 46%, compared to 17% for adults in households with one car and 11% for those with two or more cars. The proportion of trips by bus was also considerably higher for adults in households with no car: 27%, compared to 6% for those in households with one car and 3% for adults with access to two or more cars.
Driving
2.10 The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) provides information about how often people aged 17 or over drive. In 2018, 46% of men, 37% of women and 41% of all people aged 17+ said that they drove every day. A further 21% stated they drove at least once a week (but not every day), 3% drove less frequently, 4% had a full driving licence but never drove, and 31% did not have a full driving licence. (Table 11.10)
2.11 Since the recent peak in 2007, the percentage who drove every day has fallen from 45.2 per cent to 41.4 per cent, but over the same period the proportion of those who drove at least once a week has risen by 6 percentage points. (Table 11.12)
2.12 The frequency of driving varied with age. In 2018, over half of people aged 40 to 59 said they drove every day. As age rises this falls (to 15% for people aged 80 and over). The frequency of driving also varied with the annual net income of the household. Around three fifths of people aged 17+ living in households with an annual net income of £50,000 or more said they drove every day, compared with a sixth of those living in households with an annual net income of up to £10,000. Around a third (33%) of people aged 17+ in large urban areas drove every day compared to 46% in ‘remote rural’ areas. (Table 11.10)
Walking
2.13 In 2016, 69% of adults made a journey of more than a quarter of a mile by foot to go somewhere in the last seven days – the highest proportion seen in the last decade. Young adults (aged 20-29) were the most likely to have walked to go somewhere (81%), compared with 75% of those aged 30-39, around two thirds of those in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and over two fifths of those aged 80 or above (44%). (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)
2.14 In 2016, 61% of adults said that they had walked for pleasure or to keep fit at least once in the last seven days – also the highest in recent times. There was some variation with age: the percentage was highest for those aged 30-49 (67%) and lowest for those aged 80 or above (31%). There was less variation with household income, although those with net annual incomes of over £30,000 were more likely than those with lower incomes. (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)
Travel to Work (SHS data)
2.15 SHS travel to work statistics no longer feature in Scotland’s National Indicator: “Increase the proportion of journeys to work made by public or active travel” in their old form. More information on National Indicators can be found on the Scotland Performs website: http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/transport
2.16 The SHS shows that 16% of employed adults worked from home in 2018, an increase from 2008 (10%). Just over two thirds (68%) of self-employed people worked from home, though this is based on a relatively small sample size and therefore may be subject to larger confidence intervals. (Tables 11.17 & 11.21)
2.17 Overall, the SHS found that the majority (68%) of employed adults who did not work from home travelled to work by car or van (as either the driver or as a passenger) in 2018. This percentage tended to increase with age (16-20: 58%, Over 40: around 73%), type of employment (65% of those who work part-time, compared to 68% for full-time) and annual net household income (rising to 72% of those in the £50,000+ band). (Table 11.18)
2.18 Other usual means of travel to work were: walking (12%); bus (10%); rail (6%); bicycle (3%) and other modes (2%). Use of such modes of transport also varied. For example: in general, the greater the income of the household, the less likely a person was to walk or use the bus to travel to work; the percentage who walked to work was highest in remote small towns (28%) and the percentage who commuted by bus was highest in large urban areas (18%). Since 2008, the percentage travelling to work by car or van (as driver or passenger) has remained around two thirds. Within this overall figure, the percentage travelling to work as a car passenger has fallen since 2008 (from 6.1% to 4.8%). Walking journeys have remained relatively stable around 12%, and little change has been seen in the use of other modes of transport. (Tables 11.18 & 11.22)
Travel To Work (non-SHS data)
2.19 Other data sources show a similar pattern to the Scottish Household Survey data and also enable comparison with the rest of Great Britain.
2.20 Labour Force Survey results suggest that, between 2008 and 2018, there has been little change in the percentage for whom a car or a van is the usual means of travel to work (69% in 2008 and 70% in 2018). There was no change to walking which was 11% in both 2008 and 2018. People who work at home are excluded from these figures. These figures are similar to the findings from the SHS shown in table 11.18. (Table 11.14)
2.21 There appears to have been little change in recent years in the average times taken to travel to work by the main modes of transport (in 2018: 25 minutes by car; 35 minutes by bus and 16 minutes by foot). (Table 11.15 b)
2.22 The Scottish Census 2011 showed 2.4 million people aged between 16 and 74 in employment, excluding full-time students. 11% of these worked mainly from home. Of the remaining 2.1 million people, 36% had a journey of under 5 km to work, 43% had a journey of between 5 km and 30 km to work and 8% travelled 30 km or more to work. The remaining 12% had no fixed place of work, worked offshore or worked outside the UK. (Table 11.31).
2.23 Information about travel to work has been collected in population censuses since 1966. Excluding those that worked at home, the percentage of the working population using cars to travel to work had increased from 21% in 1966 to 69% in 2011 and the percentage using buses had fallen from 43% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. There had also been a significant fall in the proportion of the working population who walk to work, from 24% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. (Table 11.16)
2.24 The 2011 Census showed that the distance of people’s journey to work tended to vary with their access to cars or vans. Seventy-four per cent of people living in households with no car or van available had a commute of fewer than 10 km, compared with 60 per cent of those in households with one car or van available and 47 per cent of those in households with two or more cars or vans available. Conversely, the proportion of people who travelled 30 km or more to work was higher for people in households with two or more cars or vans available (10 per cent) than for those in households with one car or van available (7 per cent) or with no cars or vans available (4 per cent). (Table 11.33)
Travel to School
2.25 In 2018, 52% of children in full-time education at school usually walked to school, 19% usually went by bus, 24% by car or van, 2% cycled. There was little difference between the sexes, but varied greatly with age: 57% of primary school age pupils (those aged up to 11) usually walked to school compared with only 45% of those of secondary school age (those aged 12 and over); 29% of primary pupils went by car or van compared with only 18% of secondary pupils; and only 9% of primary pupils usually travelled by bus compared with 32% of those of secondary age. (Table 11.19)
2.26 Those usually travelling by car/van tended to rise with household income, to 28% of pupils from households with an annual net income of £30,000 or more, reflecting patterns seen elsewhere in this chapter e.g. travel to work and car use more generally. Walking to school was lowest (30-31%) in rural areas. Estimates for those walking to school have remained relatively stable whilst those traveling by car has risen since 2006. The Sustrans Hands Up Scotland Survey shows similar findings. (Tables 11.19, 11.23 & 11.23a)
2.27 According to the 2011 Scottish Census, 88% of children aged between 4 and 11 travelled less than 5 km to school, including 72% who travelled less than 2 km. 51% of those aged over 18 travelled less than 5 km to their place of study. 430,000 people of any age travelled under 2 km to their place of study, with 73% of these people travelling by foot, 6% travelling by bus and 17% as a passenger in a car or van. Of the 428,000 people who travelled 2 km or more to their place of study, 31 per cent did so as a car driver or passenger, 43 per cent travelled by bus and 7 per cent travelled by train. (Table 11.34 & 11.35)
Travel Abroad
2.28 According to the International Passenger Survey (IPS), Scottish residents made an estimated 4.5 million visits abroad in 2018 with 4.3 million visits (96%) being made by air. Edinburgh was the main airport used and accounted for about 1.9 million visits (43% of all visits abroad), followed by Glasgow (1.4 million or 32%), Aberdeen (205,000 or 5%). Around 143,000 visits abroad (3%) were made by sea, and roughly 74,000 (1%) were made using the Channel Tunnel. (Table 11.24)
2.29 Around 65% of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made for holiday purposes. Of these, almost a third (1.4 million) were on a package holiday whilst the rest travelled independently. There were 1.1 million (26%) visits abroad to visit friends or relatives and 384,000 visits abroad for business purposes (9%). (Table 11.24)
2.30 Seventy five per cent (3 million) of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made to EU countries and visits to other European areas totalled 91,000 (2%). Visits to Canada and the USA together totalled about 401,000 (9%). (Table 11.25)
2.31 The estimated number of visits abroad by Scottish residents rose from 4.2 million in 2004 to a peak of 4.8 million in 2008, a rise of 14%. The numbers then fell year on year to a low of just under 3.6 million in 2013, a fall of 25%. There has now been an increase of 24% between 2013 and 2018. Between 2005 and 2013 there has been a general decline in the number of package holidays, although there have been rises in the four of the past five years. Those travelling independently has generally increased, though are currently below the 2008 peak. Other holidays increased by 51% between 2004 and 2008 but has since fallen back 6%. There was also a large increase in the number of visits to friends and relatives over the same period, with numbers almost doubling between 2004 and 2008 and falling 16% since. Some of the apparent year-to-year changes may be due to sampling variability, however, the general trends reflect patterns described elsewhere in this publication. (Table 11.26)
Transport Model for Scotland
2.32 Information on travel between different parts of Scotland is available from the Transport Model for Scotland (TMfS). The base year of TMfS is 2014.
2.33 It is estimated that, on an average weekday in 2014, 5.5 million person-trips were made by car, bus or train across the boundaries of one or more of the zones which are within the area covered by the TMfS. Around one third (33%) of these trips were within the Clydeplan region, 22% within SESplan region, 7% within TAYplan, and 9% within Aberdeen and the North East. (Table 11.27)
2.34 Of the 5.5 million inter-zonal person trips per weekday it is estimated that 4.5 million were by car. These accounted for over four-fifths of the total, and the main features of the pattern of trips by car were similar to those described in the previous paragraph. There were also an estimated 1.1 million inter-zonal person-trips by bus or train per weekday. Two fifths of these were within Clydeplan, and about a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)
2.35 There was an average of just over 4.6 million trips per weekday by cars and goods vehicles. One third were within Clydeplan, and just over a fifth were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)
Concessionary Travel
2.36 152 million passenger journeys were made under all types of concessionary fare schemes in 2018-19, 2% more than in 2017-18. Concessionary travel schemes have varied over the years: a national minimum standard of free off-peak local bus travel for elderly and disabled people in Scotland was introduced from 30 September 2002, the scheme was extended to men aged 60-64 from 1 April 2003. In 2006 this was superseded by the introduction of the National Concessionary Travel Scheme for the elderly and disabled which allowed free bus travel across Scotland. Including the young persons’ scheme, concessionary bus travel accounted for 145 million passenger journeys in 2018-19, 95% of concessionary journeys by all modes of transport). (Table 11.29)
Traveline Scotland
2.37 In 2018 Traveline Scotland received 183,000 telephone calls which was 2% more than the previous year. Its Web site and smart phone app recorded 33 million hits in 2018, down 5% from the previous year. However, due to a server logging issue the 2018 figure will be understated (Table 11.30).
Table 11.1: Trips per person per year by main mode
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.2: Average distance travelled per person per year by main mode
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.3: Average length of trip by main mode
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.4: Trips per person per year by purpose
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.5: Average distance travelled per person per year by purpose
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.6: Average length of trip by purpose
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.7: Hours travelled per person per year by purpose
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.8: Average duration of travel per trip by purpose
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Table 11.9: Trips per person per year by main mode and cars available to the household
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
| Every day | Per Week | Per Month | Holds full licence, never drives | Total with a full driving licence | Doesn't have a full driving licence | Sample size (=100%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least 3 times | Once or twice | At least 2 or 3 times | At least once | Less than once | ||||||
| row percentages | ||||||||||
| All people aged 17+ in 2017: | 41.4 | 15.3 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 69.5 | 30.5 | 9,650 |
| by gender: | ||||||||||
| Male | 46.0 | 16.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 76.0 | 24.0 | 4,290 |
| Female | 37.0 | 15.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 64.0 | 36.0 | 5,360 |
| Identified in another way | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 |
| Refused | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 |
| by age: | ||||||||||
| 17-19 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | - | 0.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 29.0 | 71.0 | 190 |
| 20-29 | 35.0 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 57.0 | 43.0 | 1,040 |
| 30-39 | 50.0 | 13.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 1,420 |
| 40-49 | 54.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 79.0 | 21.0 | 1,360 |
| 50-59 | 51.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 79.0 | 21.0 | 1,680 |
| 60-69 | 40.0 | 20.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 77.0 | 23.0 | 1,660 |
| 70-79 | 29.0 | 23.0 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 1,480 |
| 80+ | 15.0 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 48.0 | 52.0 | 820 |
| Ethnicity of random adult | ||||||||||
| White Scottish | 43 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 71 | 29 | 7590 |
| White other British | 42 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 78 | 22 | 1240 |
| White Polish | 28 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 49 | 51 | 110 |
| Other white | 27 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 49 | 51 | 420 |
| Other | 36 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 52 | 48 | 120 |
| Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British | 25 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 44 | 56 | 180 |
| by current situation: | ||||||||||
| Self employed | 67.0 | 12.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 90.0 | 10.0 | 590 |
| Employed full - time | 57.0 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 82.0 | 18.0 | 3,140 |
| Employed part - time | 48.0 | 19.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 75.0 | 25.0 | 990 |
| Looking after the home or family | 33.0 | 12.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 53.0 | 47.0 | 380 |
| Permanently retired from work | 27.0 | 22.0 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 3,260 |
| Unemployed and seeking work | 12.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | - | 0.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 37.0 | 63.0 | 310 |
| In further/higher education | 19.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 41.0 | 59.0 | 310 |
| Permanently sick or disabled | 6.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 29.0 | 71.0 | 540 |
| by annual net household income: | ||||||||||
| up to £10,000 p.a. | 16 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 45 | 55 | 930 |
| over £10,000 - £15,000 | 22 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 52 | 48 | 1530 |
| over £15,000 - £20,000 | 30 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 57 | 43 | 1480 |
| over £20,000 - £25,000 | 38 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 66 | 34 | 1160 |
| over £25,000 - £30,000 | 43 | 15 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 70 | 30 | 880 |
| over £30,000 - £40,000 | 54 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 81 | 19 | 1270 |
| over £40,000 - £50,000 | 57 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 84 | 16 | 920 |
| over £50,000 p.a. | 62 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 10 | 1080 |
| by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: | ||||||||||
| 1 (20% most deprived) | 29.0 | 10.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 1,770 |
| 2 | 37.0 | 13.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 63.0 | 37.0 | 1,880 |
| 3 | 43.0 | 17.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 2,150 |
| 4 | 47.0 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 78.0 | 22.0 | 2,130 |
| 5 (20% least deprived) | 49.0 | 19.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 83.0 | 17.0 | 1,720 |
| by urban/rural: | ||||||||||
| Large urban areas | 33.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 61.0 | 39.0 | 2,960 |
| Other urban | 45.0 | 16.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 71.0 | 29.0 | 3,230 |
| Small accessible towns | 47.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 76.0 | 24.0 | 830 |
| Small remote towns | 40.0 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 66.0 | 34.0 | 580 |
| Accessible rural | 50.0 | 21.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 82.0 | 18.0 | 1,020 |
| Remote rural | 46.0 | 20.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 81.0 | 19.0 | 1,030 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
*The frequency of driving is shown only for those who hold a full driving licence
| As means of transport | Sample size (=100%) |
Just for pleasure or to keep fit 2 | Sample size (=100%) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | 1-2 days | 3-5 days | 6-7 days | 1 + days | none | 1-2 days | 3-5 days | 6-7 days | 1 + days | |||
| row percentages | ||||||||||||
| All people in 2016: | 31.4 | 19.4 | 26.3 | 22.9 | 68.6 | 9,540 | 38.6 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 21.2 | 61.4 | 9,540 |
| by gender: | ||||||||||||
| Male | 30.8 | 18.6 | 25.8 | 24.7 | 69.2 | 4,360 | 37.8 | 20.7 | 19.8 | 21.6 | 62.2 | 4,360 |
| Female | 31.8 | 20.0 | 26.9 | 21.3 | 68.2 | 5,180 | 39.4 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 20.9 | 60.6 | 5,180 |
| by age: | ||||||||||||
| 16-19 | 22.8 | 16.4 | 37.2 | 23.6 | 77.2 | 250 | 41.3 | 21.5 | 19.8 | 17.4 | 58.7 | 250 |
| 20-29 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 31.4 | 29.5 | 80.7 | 1,080 | 35.9 | 23.3 | 21.7 | 19.0 | 64.1 | 1,080 |
| 30-39 | 24.6 | 22.5 | 27.7 | 25.1 | 75.4 | 1,360 | 32.6 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 20.4 | 67.4 | 1,360 |
| 40-49 | 30.0 | 21.7 | 25.0 | 23.4 | 70.0 | 1,500 | 33.0 | 20.3 | 21.4 | 25.3 | 67.0 | 1,500 |
| 50-59 | 35.5 | 17.6 | 27.2 | 19.7 | 64.5 | 1,610 | 36.0 | 20.0 | 19.7 | 24.4 | 64.0 | 1,610 |
| 60-69 | 34.9 | 19.0 | 23.5 | 22.6 | 65.1 | 1,690 | 38.9 | 18.2 | 18.3 | 24.6 | 61.1 | 1,690 |
| 70-79 | 43.4 | 17.3 | 21.2 | 18.0 | 56.6 | 1,360 | 49.4 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 15.9 | 50.6 | 1,360 |
| 80+ | 55.6 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 15.1 | 44.4 | 700 | 68.6 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 31.4 | 700 |
| by current situation: | ||||||||||||
| Self employed | 28.4 | 17.5 | 26.3 | 27.8 | 71.6 | 620 | 29.5 | 20.6 | 19.4 | 30.4 | 70.5 | 620 |
| Employed full time | 28.4 | 21.0 | 27.8 | 22.8 | 71.6 | 3,100 | 34.3 | 23.9 | 20.5 | 21.4 | 65.7 | 3,100 |
| Employed part time | 28.7 | 20.0 | 27.9 | 23.3 | 71.3 | 960 | 33.6 | 20.9 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 66.4 | 960 |
| Looking after the home/family | 22.9 | 18.6 | 32.8 | 25.7 | 77.1 | 460 | 32.2 | 18.7 | 25.8 | 23.4 | 67.8 | 460 |
| Permanently retired from work | 41.2 | 18.0 | 21.1 | 19.7 | 58.8 | 3,150 | 47.9 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 52.1 | 3,150 |
| Unemployed/seeking work | 18.3 | 16.9 | 32.5 | 32.3 | 81.7 | 320 | 33.4 | 16.0 | 25.1 | 25.6 | 66.6 | 320 |
| In further/higher education | 16.3 | 19.6 | 31.9 | 32.3 | 83.7 | 320 | 31.8 | 23.7 | 22.7 | 21.8 | 68.2 | 320 |
| Permanently sick or disabled | 58.8 | 16.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 41.2 | 430 | 67.7 | 10.9 | 7.5 | 13.9 | 32.3 | 430 |
| by annual net household income: | ||||||||||||
| up to £10,000 p.a. | 31.0 | 17.9 | 24.5 | 26.6 | 69.0 | 1,140 | 41.7 | 16.6 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 58.3 | 1,140 |
| over £10,000 - £15,000 | 31.9 | 18.6 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 68.1 | 1,600 | 46.4 | 18.1 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 53.6 | 1,600 |
| over £15,000 - £20,000 | 32.1 | 18.1 | 28.1 | 21.7 | 67.9 | 1,410 | 45.3 | 15.2 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 54.7 | 1,410 |
| over £20,000 - £25,000 | 35.6 | 16.5 | 27.1 | 20.8 | 64.4 | 1,160 | 41.5 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 21.1 | 58.5 | 1,160 |
| over £25,000 - £30,000 | 31.1 | 18.9 | 26.1 | 23.8 | 68.9 | 890 | 40.9 | 21.9 | 18.0 | 19.3 | 59.1 | 890 |
| over £30,000 - £40,000 | 30.9 | 21.6 | 25.6 | 21.9 | 69.1 | 1,260 | 34.0 | 24.1 | 20.1 | 21.8 | 66.0 | 1,260 |
| over £40,000 p.a. | 29.0 | 21.7 | 26.7 | 22.6 | 71.0 | 1,750 | 30.4 | 24.4 | 20.6 | 24.6 | 69.6 | 1,750 |
| by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: | ||||||||||||
| 1 (20% most deprived) | 31.2 | 18.0 | 28.7 | 22.1 | 68.8 | 1,770 | 45.8 | 17.6 | 19.8 | 16.8 | 54.2 | 1,770 |
| 2 | 30.9 | 19.7 | 27.1 | 22.3 | 69.1 | 1,960 | 42.7 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 57.3 | 1,960 |
| 3 | 33.8 | 18.3 | 25.1 | 22.9 | 66.2 | 2,090 | 36.6 | 19.7 | 19.9 | 23.8 | 63.4 | 2,090 |
| 4 | 33.7 | 21.1 | 24.8 | 20.3 | 66.3 | 2,030 | 33.1 | 21.8 | 20.8 | 24.2 | 66.9 | 2,030 |
| 5 (20% least deprived) | 27.1 | 19.8 | 26.1 | 27.1 | 72.9 | 1,690 | 35.1 | 23.1 | 19.4 | 22.3 | 64.9 | 1,690 |
| by urban/rural classification: | ||||||||||||
| Large urban areas | 25.1 | 17.8 | 27.9 | 29.1 | 74.9 | 2,840 | 41.3 | 19.0 | 19.4 | 20.4 | 58.7 | 2,840 |
| Other urban | 31.2 | 22.0 | 27.3 | 19.6 | 68.8 | 3,240 | 40.3 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 18.5 | 59.7 | 3,240 |
| Small accessible towns | 34.3 | 19.8 | 25.4 | 20.5 | 65.7 | 920 | 35.1 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 20.1 | 64.9 | 920 |
| Small remote towns | 31.3 | 18.7 | 29.5 | 20.5 | 68.7 | 550 | 43.1 | 18.1 | 15.5 | 23.3 | 56.9 | 550 |
| Accessible rural | 39.7 | 18.2 | 22.1 | 20.0 | 60.3 | 1,040 | 29.4 | 21.0 | 20.1 | 29.5 | 70.6 | 1,040 |
| Remote rural | 49.5 | 15.1 | 18.6 | 16.8 | 50.5 | 960 | 33.6 | 20.5 | 18.2 | 27.8 | 66.4 | 960 |
| by frequency of driving: # | ||||||||||||
| every day | 36.9 | 21.2 | 23.8 | 18.1 | 63.1 | 3,750 | 34.7 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 24.3 | 65.3 | 3,750 |
| at least three times a week | 29.0 | 23.6 | 27.0 | 20.5 | 71.0 | 1,500 | 31.0 | 25.3 | 24.6 | 19.1 | 69.0 | 1,500 |
| once or twice a week | 28.6 | 18.6 | 27.6 | 25.2 | 71.4 | 570 | 36.4 | 24.1 | 16.7 | 22.8 | 63.6 | 570 |
| less often | 28.2 | 17.6 | 23.7 | 30.5 | 71.8 | 280 | 41.7 | 21.0 | 17.6 | 19.8 | 58.3 | 280 |
| Never, but holds full driving licence | 24.1 | 14.5 | 29.4 | 32.1 | 75.9 | 370 | 44.3 | 13.1 | 18.6 | 24.0 | 55.7 | 370 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.
2. Question now asked in survey every other year. 2016 is the most recent data available.
# Only includes those with a full driving licence.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | |||||||||||
| Every Day | 44.9 | 43.4 | 41.4 | 40.7 | 42.0 | 41.9 | 40.9 | 40.9 | 42.2 | 41.9 | 41.4 |
| Per Week: | |||||||||||
| At least 3 times | 10.4 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 13.3 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 15.3 |
| Once or twice | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
| Per Month: | |||||||||||
| At least 2 or 3 times | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| At least once | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Less than once | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Holds full driving licence, never drives | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| Total with a full driving licence | 67.6 | 68.0 | 67.6 | 67.3 | 68.3 | 68.4 | 68.5 | 68.0 | 69.0 | 69.5 | 69.5 |
| Doesn't have a full driving licence | 32.4 | 32.0 | 32.4 | 32.7 | 31.7 | 31.6 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 31.0 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| Sample size (=100%) | 12,263 | 12,447 | 12,361 | 12,801 | 9,828 | 9,838 | 9,720 | 9,340 | 9,570 | 9,760 | 9,650 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1 For holders of full licences.
2 From April 2003, the questionnaire changed such that information on possession of driving licences and frequency of driving was no longer collected from the head of the household, or his/her spouse/partner, about all adults in the household, but instead from one randomly chosen adult member of the household about him or herself.
| 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | |||||||||||
| As means of transport | |||||||||||
| None | 46 | 46 | 46 | 48 | 48 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 34 | 33 | 31 |
| 1-2 days | 17 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 19 |
| 3-5 days | 21 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 26 | 26 |
| 6-7 days | 16 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 23 | 22 | 23 |
| 1+ days | 54 | 54 | 54 | 52 | 53 | 59 | 62 | 63 | 66 | 67 | 69 |
| Sample size (=100%) | 14,715 | 6,992 | 7,111 | 6,116 | 6,197 | 6,137 | 6,178 | 6,381 | 9,841 | 9,735 | 9,580 |
| Just for pleasure or to keep fit 2 | |||||||||||
| None | 56 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 52 | 49 | 46 | 45 | 42 | 39 |
| 1-2 days | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 |
| 3-5 days | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| 6-7 days | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 1+ days | 44 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 45 | 48 | 51 | 54 | 55 | 58 | 61 |
| Sample size (=100%) | 14,713 | 6,993 | 7,111 | 6,121 | 6,209 | 6,119 | 6,136 | 6,372 | 9,805 | 9,687 | 9,580 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.
2. Question now asked in survey every other year. 2016 is the most recent data available.
3. This category includes jogging and walking a dog.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percentage | |||||||||||
| Car, van, minibus, works van | 69 | 70 | 71 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 70 | 70 |
| Bicycle | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Bus,coach.private bus | 13 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Rail (inc Underground) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Walk | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Other (inc taxi) | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| All | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain
| 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| minutes | ||||||||
| Car, van, minibus, works van | 22 | 22 | 23 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 22 | 21 |
| Bicycle | 15 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 16 |
| Bus, coach.private bus | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 32 |
| Rail (inc Underground) | 55 | 53 | 52 | 47 | 46 | 48 | 46 | 49 |
| Walk | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Other (inc taxi) | 45 | 33 | 47 | 42 | 46 | 25 | 36 | 40 |
| All | 23 | 23 | 24 | 22 | 24 | 21 | 23 | 22 |
Note: This table is no longer being updated. Henceforth, information about average times taken to travel to work will be given in Table 11.15 (b), which is on the basis that is used to produce such figures for DfT's "Regional Transport Statistics".
| 2008 | 2009 1 | 2010 1 | 2011 1 | 2012 1 | 2013 1 | 2014 1 | 2015 1 | 2016 1 | 2017 1 | 2018 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| minutes | |||||||||||
| Car | 24 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 25 |
| Motorcycle | * | 19 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Bicycle | 18 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 26 | 20 | 22 |
| Bus/coach | 36 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 39 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 39 | 35 |
| Rail | 57 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 59 | 56 | 49 | 51 | 50 | 54 | 51 |
| Walk | 12 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 16 |
| Other | 75 | 95 | 73 | 47 3 | 89 | 77 | 74 | 98 | 49 | 79 | 63 |
| All | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 26 |
Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain
* Sample size for this cell is too small for reliable estimates.
Source: Oct-Dec, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Labour Force Survey.
Notes: Some of the figures shown in table 11.15 (b) differ slightly from those in 11.15 (a) due to differing methodology used to extract.
Results are weighted using population estimates to ensure they are representative of the population at large.
1. Data are for males and females in employment aged 16-99.
2. Maximum recorded value of usual travel to work time = 180 minutes.
3. The large fall between 2010 and 2011 is due to a small sample size with a small number of very extreme values that are very sensitive to change
| Population Census year | Train (inc. u/grd) | Bus | Car | Motor cycle | Pedal cycle | Foot2 | Other3 (e.g. taxi) | Total of these |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| percentage | ||||||||
| 1966 | 4 | 43 | 21 | 1 | 2 | 24 | 5 | 100 |
| 1971 | 3 | 35 | 29 | ~ | 2 | 24 | 6 | 100 |
| 1981 | 3 | 25 | 46 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 100 |
| 1991 | 3 | 18 | 59 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 100 |
| 2001 | 4 | 12 | 68 | ~ | 2 | 12 | 2 | 100 |
| 2011 | 5 | 11 | 69 | ~ | 2 | 11 | 2 | 100 |
~ Less than half a per cent but greater than zero.
1. Excluding those who worked at home in 1981, 1991 and 2001 (who were not identified separately in the 1966 and 1971 Census travel to work figures)
2. Includes 'none' in 1971
3. Includes 'none' in 1966; unspecified means of 'Public transport' in 1971, and 'not stated' in all years apart from 2001 (when there was no "not stated" category).
| Works from home | Does not work from home | All employed adults | Sample size (=100%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| row percentages | ||||
| All employed adults | 16 | 84 | 100 | 4,720 |
| Self - employed | 68 | 32 | 100 | 590 |
| Employed full - time | 9 | 91 | 100 | 3,140 |
| Employed part - time | 10 | 90 | 100 | 990 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.
Figure 11.3: Travel to work a) 2008 and b) 2018
Figure 11.4: Driver experience of congestion and bus passenger experience of delays 2008-2018
| Walking | Car or van | Bicycle | Bus | Rail 2 | Other 3 | Sample size (=100%) | % Public / Active (Former National Indicator) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Driver | Pass. | All | ||||||||
| row percentages | ||||||||||
| All people aged 16+: | 12 | 63 | 5 | 68 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 3,910 | 30.3 |
| By gender: | ||||||||||
| Men | 10 | 63 | 4 | 67 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 1,780 | 30 |
| Women | 13 | 63 | 5 | 68 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 2,130 | 31 |
| Identified in another way | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | - | ** | |
| Refused | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | - | ** | |
| by age: | ||||||||||
| 16 - 20 | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 40 | ** | |
| 20 - 29 | 16 | 51 | 7 | 58 | 4 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 610 | 41 |
| 30 - 39 | 12 | 65 | 4 | 69 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 980 | 30 |
| 40 - 49 | 11 | 65 | 3 | 68 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 870 | 29 |
| 50 - 59 | 10 | 68 | 5 | 73 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 970 | 24 |
| 60 and over | 8 | 70 | 6 | 76 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 440 | 22 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White Scottish | 11 | 65 | 5 | 70 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 3,000 | 28 |
| White other British | 13 | 65 | 3 | 68 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 490 | 29 |
| White Polish | 17 | 41 | 6 | 47 | 6 | 26 | 3 | 0 | 80 | 52 |
| Other White | 18 | 43 | 6 | 49 | 4 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 210 | 48 |
| Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British | 9 | 66 | 2 | 68 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 80 | 28 |
| Other ethnic groups | 9 | 47 | 4 | 51 | 4 | 25 | 9 | 1 | 50 | 47 |
| by current situation: | ||||||||||
| Self employed | 11 | 74 | 1 | 75 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 180 | 20 |
| Employed full time | 11 | 63 | 5 | 68 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2,860 | 30 |
| Employed part time | 16 | 60 | 5 | 65 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 870 | 34 |
| by annual net household income: | ||||||||||
| up to £15,000 p.a. | 20 | 43 | 6 | 49 | 3 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 430 | 48 |
| over £15,000 - £20,000 | 16 | 56 | 6 | 62 | 2 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 460 | 36 |
| over £20,000 - £25,000 | 12 | 56 | 5 | 61 | 3 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 450 | 36 |
| over £25,000 - £30,000 | 15 | 55 | 10 | 65 | 2 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 430 | 34 |
| over £30,000 - £40,000 | 9 | 68 | 4 | 72 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 750 | 26 |
| over £40,000 - £50,000 | 11 | 68 | 5 | 73 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 610 | 26 |
| over £50,000 p.a. | 8 | 72 | 2 | 74 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 770 | 24 |
| by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: | ||||||||||
| 1 (20% most deprived) | 14 | 51 | 6 | 57 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 640 | 41 |
| 2 | 13 | 58 | 6 | 64 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 730 | 34 |
| 3 | 12 | 67 | 5 | 72 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 860 | 26 |
| 4 | 10 | 68 | 5 | 73 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 950 | 25 |
| 5 (20% least deprived) | 10 | 67 | 2 | 69 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 740 | 27 |
| by urban/rural classification: | ||||||||||
| Large urban areas | 15 | 49 | 4 | 53 | 4 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 1,240 | 45 |
| Other urban | 9 | 69 | 5 | 74 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1,290 | 24 |
| Small accessible towns | 11 | 71 | 6 | 77 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 310 | 22 |
| Small remote towns | 28 | 46 | 9 | 55 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 250 | 38 |
| Accessible rural | 4 | 79 | 5 | 84 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 420 | 14 |
| Remote rural | 13 | 78 | 3 | 81 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 400 | 17 |
| by number of cars: | ||||||||||
| none | 35 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 37 | 8 | 3 | 600 | 85 |
| one | 12 | 59 | 6 | 65 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 1,750 | 33 |
| two + | 5 | 83 | 3 | 86 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1,560 | 12 |
| Household type | ||||||||||
| Single adult | 15 | 58 | 4 | 62 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 960 | 36 |
| Small adult | 15 | 59 | 5 | 64 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 940 | 34 |
| Single parent | 17 | 56 | 3 | 59 | 2 | 17 | 4 | 2 | 260 | 39 |
| Small family | 7 | 70 | 3 | 73 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 760 | 24 |
| Large family | 12 | 67 | 5 | 72 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 260 | 27 |
| Large adult | 9 | 62 | 8 | 70 | 2 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 370 | 28 |
| Older smaller | 9 | 66 | 5 | 71 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 370 | 26 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those in full-time employment, part-time employment and self-employed only.
2. Including the Glasgow Underground and Edinburgh trams.
3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
** value supressed as sample size contains fewer than 50 responses
| Walking | Car or Van | Bicycle | Bus | Rail3 | Other4 | Sample size (=100%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School2 | Service | All | |||||||
| row percentages | |||||||||
| All children in full-time education, 2007 | 52.3 | 24.2 | 1.9 | 13.9 | 5.1 | 19.0 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1,720 |
| By gender: | |||||||||
| Man/Boy | 53 | 23 | 2 | 14 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 880 |
| Woman/Girl | 51 | 26 | 2 | 13 | 6 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 840 |
| Identified in another way | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 |
| Refused | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 0 |
| by age: | |||||||||
| age 4-5 | 57.0 | 33.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | - | 1.0 | 160 |
| age 6-7 | 59.0 | 29.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 9.0 | - | 2.0 | 310 |
| age 8-9 | 55.0 | 30.0 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 10.0 | - | 3.0 | 260 |
| age 10-11 | 58.0 | 26.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 11.0 | - | 1.0 | 290 |
| All 4-11 | 57.0 | 29.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | - | 2.0 | 1,020 |
| age 12-13 | 48.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 23.0 | 9.0 | 32.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 240 |
| age 14-15 | 46.0 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 24.0 | 9.0 | 33.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 300 |
| age 16-18 | 40.0 | 23.0 | 1.0 | 22.0 | 10.0 | 32.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 170 |
| All 12 - 18 | 45.0 | 18.0 | 1.0 | 23.0 | 9.0 | 32.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 700 |
| by annual net household income: | |||||||||
| up to £15,000 p.a. | 48.0 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 28.0 | - | 3.0 | 110 |
| over £15,000 - £20,000 | 60.0 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 160 |
| over £20,000 - £25,000 | 62.0 | 18.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 15.0 | 2 | 3.0 | 200 |
| over £25,000 - £30,000 | 48.0 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 21.0 | - | 2.0 | 190 |
| £30,000 - £40,000 | 58.0 | 20.0 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 3.0 | 18.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 330 |
| £40,000 - £50,000 | 48.0 | 28.0 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 310 |
| over £50,000 p.a. | 47.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 410 |
| by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: | |||||||||
| 1 (20 % most deprived) | 56.0 | 23.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 17.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 330 |
| 2 | 56.0 | 26.0 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 320 |
| 3 | 50.0 | 21.0 | 2.0 | 19.0 | 3.0 | 22.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 340 |
| 4 | 45.0 | 24.0 | 3.0 | 23.0 | 3.0 | 26.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 380 |
| 5 (20% least deprived) | 54.0 | 26.0 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 360 |
| by urban/rural classification: | |||||||||
| Large urban areas | 52.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 18.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 500 |
| Other urban | 60.0 | 25.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 11.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 620 |
| Accessible small towns | 60.0 | 16.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 1.0 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 150 |
| Remote small towns | 58.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 0.0 | 11.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 90 |
| Accessible rural | 31.0 | 25.0 | 2.0 | 37.0 | 2.0 | 39.0 | - | 3.0 | 200 |
| Remote rural | 30.0 | 20.0 | 3.0 | 39.0 | 1.0 | 40.0 | 3 | 4.0 | 160 |
| by number of cars: | |||||||||
| None | 74.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 240 |
| One | 55.0 | 24.0 | 2.0 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 16.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 670 |
| Two + | 44.0 | 30.0 | 2.0 | 18.0 | 3.0 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 820 |
| Household type: | |||||||||
| Single parent | 56.0 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 19.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 360 |
| Small family | 55.0 | 24.0 | 3.0 | 12.0 | 4.0 | 16.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 800 |
| Large family | 48.0 | 25.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 | 6.0 | 22.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 460 |
| Large adult | 39.0 | 32.0 | 1 | 19.0 | 7.0 | 26.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 90 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
** denotes cell value supressed as based on fewer than 5 responses
1. For those in full time education at school. The Main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.
2. Including those who were said to travel by school bus, private bus, and a few who went by works bus.
3. Including the Glasgow Underground.
4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
Table 11.20: Travel to/from school (pupils aged 5 to 16) 1, 2
Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Latest Scottish estimates are given in table 11.19 although this is based on a different source.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | |||||||||||
| Works from home | 10.0 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 13.1 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 16.0 |
| Does not work from home | 90.0 | 88.6 | 89.9 | 89.4 | 86.8 | 86.7 | 86.8 | 85.9 | 85.5 | 85.8 | 84.0 |
| All employed adults | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Sample size (100%) | 6,092 | 6,103 | 5,862 | 6,189 | 4,734 | 4,848 | 4,810 | 4,670 | 4,720 | 4,820 | 4,720 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | |||||||||||
| Walking | 12.5 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 11.8 |
| Car or van | |||||||||||
| Driver | 59.9 | 60.7 | 61.0 | 59.1 | 61.4 | 60.6 | 61.6 | 60.3 | 61.7 | 62.3 | 62.9 |
| Passenger | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 4.8 |
| All | 66.0 | 67.0 | 67.3 | 66.6 | 67.3 | 66.2 | 67.6 | 65.9 | 68.0 | 67.7 | 67.7 |
| Bicycle | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
| Bus | 12.1 | 12.1 | 10.8 | 12.0 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 |
| Rail 2 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 |
| Other 3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Sample size (100%) | 5,437 | 5,371 | 5,221 | 5,508 | 4,103 | 4,157 | 4,130 | 3,950 | 3,970 | 4,070 | 3,910 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The main method of transport is recorded if the journey involves more than one method.
2. Including the Glasgow Underground.
3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | |||||||||||
| Walking | 48.8 | 50.0 | 49.7 | 50.6 | 51.4 | 51.7 | 51.2 | 48.8 | 51.8 | 51.5 | 52.3 |
| Car or van | 23.6 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 25.8 | 25.6 | 25.5 | 24.2 |
| Bicycle | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.9 |
| Bus | |||||||||||
| School 2 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 15.3 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 13.9 |
| Service | 7.3 | 5.9 | 7.8 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.1 |
| All | 23.9 | 22.0 | 23.9 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 19.9 | 20.3 | 20.9 | 19.3 | 19.8 | 19.0 |
| Rail 3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Other 4 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Sample size (100%) | 2,750 | 2,881 | 2,676 | 2,715 | 1,923 | 1,975 | 1,980 | 1,880 | 1,890 | 1,830 | 1,720 |
Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. For those in full time education at school. The main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.
2. Including those who were said to travel by private bus, and a few who went by works bus.
3. Including the Glasgow Underground.
4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| column percentages | ||||||||||
| Walk | 47.0 | 45.8 | 45.9 | 45.1 | 44.1 | 44.2 | 43.3 | 42.8 | 42.3 | 42.5 |
| Cycle | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
| Scooter/Skate | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
| Park & Stride | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.8 |
| Driven | 23.3 | 22.9 | 22.4 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 21.9 | 22.4 | 22.3 | 22.8 | 23.1 |
| Bus | 18.1 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 16.2 |
| Taxi | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
| Other | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Sample size (100%) | 415,804 | 439,401 | 427,104 | 457,488 | 467,397 | 487,147 | 480,161 | 458,145 | 473,160 | 468,537 |
Source: Hands Up Scotland Survey - Not National Statistics
1. All schools excluding nursery
| Means of leaving the UK | Purpose of visit | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package Holiday | Other Holiday | Business | Visiting Friends or Relatives | Miscellaneous and other Purposes | Total | |
| thousands | ||||||
| Air | ||||||
| Edinburgh | 467 | 630 | 176 | 608 | 16 | 1,898 |
| Glasgow | 635 | 360 | 71 | 362 | 13 | 1,441 |
| Prestwick 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 51 | 64 | 57 | 30 | 3 | 205 |
| Total Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen | 1,153 | 1,054 | 304 | 1,000 | 32 | 3,543 |
| Heathrow | 3 | 17 | 11 | 23 | 2 | 56 |
| Gatwick | 36 | 56 | 8 | 20 | - | 119 |
| Stanstead | 2 | 11 | 18 | - | 31 | |
| Manchester | 137 | 66 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 222 |
| Newcastle | 56 | 48 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 120 |
| Birmingham | 3 | 8 | 6 | 4 | - | 22 |
| Other UK Airports | 31 | 64 | 19 | 37 | - | 151 |
| Total Air | 1,421 | 1,323 | 358 | 1,124 | 37 | 4,263 |
| Channel Tunnel | - | 35 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 56 |
| Sea | ||||||
| English Channel Ports | - | 44 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 69 |
| English East Coast Ports | 24 | 30 | 2 | 1 | - | 57 |
| Other UK Ports 2 | 0 | 17 | - | 0 | - | 17 |
| Total Sea | 24 | 91 | 14 | 11 | 1 | 143 |
| Total All Means of Leaving the UK | 1,446 | 1,449 | 384 | 1,141 | 42 | 4,463 |
Source: Office for National Statistics
| Means of leaving the UK | Area Visited | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU | Other Europe | Canada & USA | Australia & New Zealand | Asia | Rest of the World | Total | |
| thousands | |||||||
| Air | |||||||
| Edinburgh | 1563 | 32 | 134 | 31 | 74 | 63 | 1,898 |
| Glasgow | 977 | 35 | 132 | 46 | 112 | 139 | 1,441 |
| Prestwick 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Aberdeen | 167 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 16 | 205 |
| Total Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen | 2,706 | 69 | 277 | 78 | 193 | 218 | 3,543 |
| Heathrow | 22 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 13 | 56 |
| Gatwick | 38 | 2 | 55 | - | - | 24 | 119 |
| Stanstead | 26 | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | 31 |
| Manchester | 125 | 4 | 41 | 8 | 44 | 222 | |
| Newcastle | 112 | - | - | 4 | 3 | 2 | 120 |
| Birmingham | 15 | - | - | - | 5 | 2 | 22 |
| Other UK Airports | 104 | 8 | 17 | 2 | 6 | 13 | 151 |
| Total Air | 3,148 | 86 | 401 | 86 | 225 | 318 | 4,263 |
| Channel Tunnel | 55 | - | 1 | 56 | |||
| Sea | |||||||
| English Channel Ports | 64 | 5 | 69 | ||||
| English East Coast Ports | 57 | 57 | |||||
| Other UK Ports 2 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 17 | |||
| Total Sea | 137 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 143 |
| Total All Means of Leaving the UK | 3,340 | 91 | 401 | 86 | 225 | 319 | 4,463 |
Source: Office for National Statistics
1. These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes- see sections 3.14 and 4.4 of the text.
2. “Other UK ports” includes information collected from Rosyth in 2008 Q2 & Q3.
There are minor differences between Tables 11.26, 11.27 and 11.28, due to totals being calculated by adding separately-rounded numbers.
3. Prestwick airport was removed from the sample in quarter 2 of 2016.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousands | ||||||||||||
| All visits abroad by Scots | 4,765 | 3,899 | 3,618 | 3,579 | 3,645 | 3,592 | 3,907 | 3,890 | 4,166 | 4,360 | 4,463 | |
| by means of leaving the UK | ||||||||||||
| Air | Total | 4,501 | 3,674 | 3,362 | 3,368 | 3,468 | 3,399 | 3,683 | 3,722 | 3,997 | 4,157 | 4,263 |
| Edinburgh | 1,194 | 1,035 | 1,000 | 1,038 | 1,045 | 1,166 | 1,213 | 1,308 | 1,550 | 1798 | 1,898 | |
| Glasgow | 1,742 | 1,339 | 1,102 | 1,108 | 1,176 | 972 | 1,178 | 1,191 | 1,328 | 1441 | 1,441 | |
| Prestwick 2 | 644 | 376 | 409 | 414 | 364 | 382 | 328 | 282 | 33 | 0 | 0 | |
| Aberdeen | .. | 180 | 164 | 164 | 197 | 179 | 215 | 213 | 251 | 233 | 205 | |
| Total these airports | 3,580 | 2,931 | 2,674 | 2,724 | 2,782 | 2,699 | 2,933 | 2,995 | 3,161 | 3472 | 3,543 | |
| Heathrow | 102 | 109 | 87 | 76 | 84 | 74 | 62 | 173 | 211 | 42 | 56 | |
| Gatwick | 215 | 140 | 127 | 147 | 190 | 134 | 137 | 171 | 172 | 152 | 119 | |
| Stanstead | 81 | 47 | 44 | 35 | 36 | 24 | 29 | 52 | 70 | 33 | 31 | |
| Manchester | 134 | 130 | 130 | 125 | 132 | 161 | 214 | 175 | 192 | 159 | 222 | |
| Newcastle | 128 | 105 | 119 | 83 | 91 | 80 | 90 | 63 | 86 | 83 | 120 | |
| Birmingham | 18 | 13 | 19 | 14 | 17 | 19 | 25 | 21 | 18 | 21 | 22 | |
| Other UK Airports | 243 | 199 | 162 | 164 | 137 | 208 | 193 | 71 | 87 | 196 | 151 | |
| Channel Tunnel | 83 | 63 | 76 | 55 | 64 | 59 | 63 | 59 | 51 | 74 | 56 | |
| Sea | Total | 182 | 163 | 180 | 156 | 113 | 133 | 161 | 109 | 119 | 129 | 143 |
| English Channel Ports | 107 | 109 | 118 | 108 | 74 | 105 | 106 | 67 | 63 | 59 | 69 | |
| English East Coast Ports | 46 | 37 | 34 | 43 | 35 | 26 | 52 | 42 | 56 | 50 | 57 | |
| Other UK Ports | 28 | 16 | 28 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | .. | .. | 20 | 17 | |
| Package holiday | 1,512 | 1,161 | 1,195 | 1,128 | 1,210 | 1,123 | 1,301 | 1,329 | 1,480 | 1431 | 1,446 | |
| Other holiday | 1,828 | 1,454 | 1,378 | 1,323 | 1,335 | 1,363 | 1,474 | 1,425 | 1,361 | 1407 | 1,449 | |
| Business | 407 | 397 | 363 | 399 | 334 | 325 | 350 | 317 | 326 | 420 | 384 | |
| Visit friends / relatives | 913 | 800 | 611 | 670 | 673 | 711 | 718 | 757 | 933 | 1059 | 1,141 | |
| Misc. and other | 104 | 88 | 70 | 60 | 93 | 69 | 64 | 62 | 68 | 43 | 42 | |
| EU | 3,692 | 2,933 | 2,709 | 2,768 | 2,845 | 2,761 | 2,972 | 2,859 | 3,010 | 3359 | 3,340 | |
| Other Europe | 64 | 50 | 48 | 64 | 50 | 60 | 85 | 241 | 228 | 121 | 91 | |
| North America | 477 | 365 | 344 | 285 | 297 | 267 | 317 | 312 | 391 | 358 | 401 | |
| Australia & New Zealand | 52 | 57 | 55 | 43 | 38 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 59 | 86 | |
| Asia | 154 | 146 | 139 | 132 | 119 | 140 | 167 | 210 | 257 | 168 | 225 | |
| Rest of the World | 324 | 348 | 322 | 288 | 296 | 317 | 319 | 220 | 232 | 295 | 319 | |
| by means of leaving the UK and main purposes of visits | ||||||||||||
| Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen | ||||||||||||
| Package holiday | 1,175 | 895 | 882 | 850 | 974 | 847 | 997 | 1,068 | 1,173 | 1205 | 1,153 | |
| Other holiday | 1,303 | 1,055 | 989 | 982 | 975 | 1,011 | 1,073 | 1,059 | 992 | 1023 | 1,054 | |
| Business | 296 | 289 | 242 | 298 | 246 | 211 | 231 | 230 | 225 | 334 | 304 | |
| Visit friends / relatives | 749 | 651 | 512 | 553 | 543 | 587 | 589 | 613 | 730 | 886 | 1,000 | |
| Other UK airport | ||||||||||||
| Package holiday | 260 | 188 | 198 | 187 | 187 | 193 | 224 | 218 | 1,433 | 1392 | 1,421 | |
| Other holiday | 398 | 218 | 214 | 178 | 213 | 183 | 216 | 287 | 1,301 | 1311 | 1,323 | |
| Business | 94 | 40 | 48 | 49 | 47 | 42 | 47 | 72 | 297 | 392 | 358 | |
| Visit friends / relatives | 135 | 78 | 54 | 56 | 75 | 64 | 62 | 117 | 902 | 1022 | 1,124 | |
| Sea or Channel Tunnel | ||||||||||||
| Package holiday | 78 | 78 | 115 | 92 | 49 | 83 | 80 | 42 | 41 | 27 | 24 | |
| Other holiday | 127 | 182 | 176 | 162 | 147 | 170 | 185 | 78 | 44 | 55 | 91 | |
| Business | 17 | 67 | 73 | 51 | 41 | 73 | 72 | 16 | 9 | 18 | 14 | |
| Visit friends / relatives | 29 | 71 | 45 | 62 | 55 | 60 | 68 | 27 | 22 | 27 | 11 | |
| by main purposes of visit and area visited | ||||||||||||
| Package holiday | ||||||||||||
| EU | 1,227 | 898 | 908 | 912 | 987 | 868 | 1,050 | 1,061 | 1,095 | 1,201 | 1,178 | |
| Elsewhere | 285 | 264 | 287 | 216 | 223 | 255 | 252 | 267 | 246 | 230 | 268 | |
| Other holiday | ||||||||||||
| EU | 1,503 | 1,185 | 1,120 | 1,106 | 1,110 | 1,152 | 1,219 | 1,122 | 923 | 1,132 | 1,138 | |
| Elsewhere | 324 | 268 | 258 | 217 | 225 | 212 | 255 | 302 | 284 | 275 | 311 | |
| Business | ||||||||||||
| EU | 275 | 274 | 252 | 274 | 237 | 219 | 240 | 170 | 163 | 300 | 314 | |
| Elsewhere | 132 | 123 | 111 | 124 | 97 | 106 | 109 | 147 | 134 | 120 | 70 | |
| Visit friends / relatives | ||||||||||||
| EU | 609 | 514 | 379 | 430 | 441 | 471 | 423 | 478 | 544 | 704 | 688 | |
| Elsewhere | 304 | 286 | 232 | 240 | 231 | 240 | 295 | 280 | 358 | 354 | 453 | |
Source: Office for National Statistics
1. These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes: the International Passenger Survey does not provide any information about passengers using other routes (e.g.Rosyth) - see sections 11.2 (page 283) and 11.7 (page 288) of the notes and definitions.
Prestwick airport was added to the International Passenger Survey sample in 2005, so there are no figures for it prior to then. Removed from the sample quarter 2 of 2016
The results for 2003 and earlier years differ from those published previously because ONS has revised the series retrospectively - for example, the EU/Other Europe breakdown now reflects the position following the enlargement of the EU in 2004.
2. Prestwick airport was removed from the sample in quarter 2 of 2016.
| (a) People: by car, bus or train | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Destination | ||||||||||
| Origin | Clydeplan 2 | SESplan 3 | TAYplan 4 | Aberdeen City & Shire | Dumfries & Galloway | Ayrshire | Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | Elsewhere in Scotland | Rest of UK | Total |
| thousands | ||||||||||
| Clydeplan2 | 1,851 | 52 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 62 | 39 | 14 | 9 | 2,037 |
| SESplan3 | 53 | 1,226 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 41 | 2 | 11 | 1,381 |
| TAYplan4 | 5 | 42 | 411 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 476 |
| Aberdeen City & Shire | 2 | 3 | 7 | 487 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 509 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 110 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 120 |
| Ayrshire | 62 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 283 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 351 |
| Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | 43 | 42 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 209 | 1 | 1 | 307 |
| Elsewhere in Scotland | 15 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 298 | 2 | 331 |
| Rest of UK | 7 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 26 |
| Total | 2,041 | 1,381 | 478 | 507 | 121 | 351 | 301 | 329 | 29 | 5,538 |
| (b) People: by car | ||||||||||
| Destination | ||||||||||
| Origin | Clydeplan 2 | SESplan 3 | TAYplan 4 | Aberdeen City & Shire | Dumfries & Galloway | Ayrshire | Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | Elsewhere in Scotland | Rest of UK | Total |
| thousands | ||||||||||
| Clydeplan2 | 1,439 | 41 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 50 | 34 | 11 | 6 | 1,587 |
| SESplan3 | 42 | 954 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 36 | 2 | 6 | 1,079 |
| TAYplan4 | 4 | 36 | 340 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 395 |
| Aberdeen City & Shire | 1 | 2 | 6 | 426 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 444 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 105 |
| Ayrshire | 49 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 239 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 293 |
| Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | 38 | 37 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179 | 1 | 1 | 264 |
| Elsewhere in Scotland | 12 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 263 | 2 | 289 |
| Rest of UK | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 17 |
| Total | 1,591 | 1,080 | 397 | 442 | 105 | 294 | 259 | 287 | 19 | 4,474 |
| (c) People: by bus or train | ||||||||||
| Destination | ||||||||||
| Origin | Clydeplan 2 | SESplan 3 | TAYplan 4 | Aberdeen City & Shire | Dumfries & Galloway | Ayrshire | Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | Elsewhere in Scotland | Rest of UK | Total |
| thousands | ||||||||||
| Clydeplan2 | 413 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 449 |
| SESplan3 | 11 | 272 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 302 |
| TAYplan4 | 1 | 6 | 71 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 81 |
| Aberdeen City & Shire | 1 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 65 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 |
| Ayrshire | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59 |
| Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
| Elsewhere in Scotland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 42 |
| Rest of UK | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Total | 450 | 302 | 81 | 65 | 16 | 57 | 43 | 42 | 10 | 1,065 |
| (d) Vehicle trips: cars and goods vehicles only | ||||||||||
| Destination | ||||||||||
| Origin | Clydeplan 2 | SESplan 3 | TAYplan 4 | Aberdeen City & Shire | Dumfries & Galloway | Ayrshire | Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | Elsewhere in Scotland | Rest of UK | Total |
| thousands | ||||||||||
| Clydeplan2 | 1,483 | 46 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 55 | 35 | 10 | 7 | 1,646 |
| SESplan3 | 44 | 1,013 | 38 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 2 | 7 | 1,147 |
| TAYplan4 | 5 | 38 | 328 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 389 |
| Aberdeen City & Shire | 2 | 2 | 7 | 409 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 430 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 103 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 114 |
| Ayrshire | 48 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 238 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 294 |
| Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks | 38 | 37 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 203 | 1 | 1 | 289 |
| Elsewhere in Scotland | 11 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 251 | 2 | 278 |
| Rest of UK | 6 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 22 |
| Total | 1,641 | 1,149 | 390 | 427 | 113 | 302 | 286 | 276 | 23 | 4,609 |
Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:14) - Not National Statistics
1. All travel movements between the 799 zones used to represent the UK.
The number of shorter distance trips which travel within a model zone area is not known.
2. East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire
3. City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Fife (South), Scottish Borders and West Lothian
4. Dundee City, Angus, Perth & Kinross and Fife (North)
5. This traffic and travel data was extracted from the Transport Model for Scotland 2014 (TMfS14) (Base Year Version AE, Model Version TMfS14 V1.0).
The data reflects daily travel movements within a 2014 base year and represents the most recent data available from the LATIS service
TMfS14 covers the whole of the Scottish Strategic Transport network. England is represented with less detail.
The data reflects 'inter-zonal trips', which includes all travel movements between the 799 zones used to represent the UK.
The data does not include more local or short distance movements travelling wholly within model zones.
| 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2011-12 | 2012-13 | 2013-14 | 2014-15 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| millions | |||||||||||
| all journeys made under concessionary fare schemes1 | |||||||||||
| Buses2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Rail | 3.18 | 3.25 | 3.29 | 3.37 | 3.19 | 3.17 | 3.37 | 3.36 | 3.42 | 3.51 | 3.52 |
| Underground | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.91 |
| Ferries | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.67 |
| Taxis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Others | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 4.67 | 4.77 | 4.74 | 4.71 | 4.54 | 4.58 | 4.86 | 4.82 | 4.82 | 5.01 | 5.10 |
| Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes) | 157.61 | 151.61 | 147.47 | 149.68 | 146.28 | 148.64 | 148.27 | 146.52 | 145.62 | 142.33 | 145.24 |
| Rail | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.62 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 1.46 | 2.13 | 2.31 | 2.34 | 1.93 | 1.87 |
| Underground | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ferries5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Taxis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Others | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 157.97 | 152.08 | 148.14 | 150.61 | 147.38 | 150.16 | 150.46 | 148.89 | 148.02 | 144.32 | 147.17 |
| Buses2,4,5 | 157.61 | 151.61 | 147.47 | 149.68 | 146.28 | 148.64 | 148.27 | 146.52 | 145.62 | 142.33 | 145.24 |
| Rail | 3.49 | 3.67 | 3.91 | 4.25 | 4.23 | 4.63 | 5.50 | 5.67 | 5.76 | 5.44 | 5.39 |
| Underground | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.91 |
| Ferries | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.73 |
| Taxis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Others | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 162.64 | 156.85 | 152.88 | 155.32 | 151.92 | 154.74 | 155.32 | 153.71 | 152.84 | 149.33 | 152.27 |
| of which: journeys which were made free of charge to the traveller1 | |||||||||||
| Buses2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Rail | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ferries6 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Other | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes) | 156.59 | 150.37 | 146.09 | 148.09 | 144.54 | 146.87 | 146.75 | 145.31 | 144.71 | 141.75 | 144.71 |
| Rail | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ferries | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Other | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 156.64 | 150.42 | 146.14 | 148.14 | 144.60 | 146.93 | 146.81 | 145.37 | 144.77 | 141.81 | 144.77 |
| Buses2,4,5 | 156.59 | 150.37 | 146.09 | 148.09 | 144.54 | 146.87 | 146.75 | 145.31 | 144.71 | 141.75 | 144.71 |
| Rail | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ferries | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Other | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total | 157.34 | 151.13 | 146.14 | 148.14 | 144.60 | 146.93 | 146.81 | 145.37 | 144.77 | 141.81 | 144.77 |
Source: Transport Scotland & Strathclyde Partnership for Transport - Not National Statistics
1. Figures include a degree of estimation (e.g. allowances for claims not yet been processed) and may incur some small revisions to previously published data.
2. The National Concessionary Travel bus scheme was introduced on 1st April 2006, which allows elderly and disabled free travel on all scheduled bus services in Scotland. This replaced any local schemes.
3. 2001-02 & 2002-03 figures do not include Eilean Siar.
4. The Young People's Concessionary Travel Scheme started in 8 January 2007, aimed at 16 to 18 year olds (inclusive) and full time volunteers (aged under 26).
5. The Reimbursement Rate for the National Concessionary Travel bus scheme changed from 73.6% applicable 2006/07 to 2009/10, to 67% applicable 2010/11 to 2012/13, to 61% in 2013/14, to 58.1% in 2014/15, to 57.1% in 2015/16, to 56.9% in 2016/17 and 2017/18, to 56.8% in 2018/19.
6. A small charge was introduced for ferries in 2010.
Figure 11.1: Calls to Traveline Scotland in 2018
Figure 11.2: Traveline Scotland - Web & App hits in 2018
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks included in year 2 | |||||||||||
| Telephone calls | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 |
| Web site | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 |
| thousands | |||||||||||
| Calls answered | 627.7 | 606.1 | 700.7 | 503.9 | 399.8 | 331.7 | 286.7 | 219.9 | 214.1 | 166.0 | 157.0 |
| Calls unanswered | |||||||||||
| Ring tone, no reply 3 | 7.2 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Engaged tone 3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other 3 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total unanswered 7 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 2.6 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 26.0 |
| Total number of calls | 640.9 | 612.5 | 708.1 | 507.1 | 403.0 | 338.2 | 295.2 | 222.5 | 224.1 | 179.0 | 183.0 |
| percentages | |||||||||||
| Percentage answered | 97.9 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.4 | 99.2 | 98.1 | 97.1 | 98.8 | 95.5 | 92.7 | 85.8 |
| numbers | |||||||||||
| Daily average answered 4 | 1,724 | 1,665 | 1,925 | 1,384 | 1,098 | 911 | 788 | 604 | 588 | 456 | 431 |
| seconds | |||||||||||
| Answered calls: av. duration | 114.9 | 111.6 | 142.6 | 161.5 | 178.3 | 180.0 | 182.0 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 184 |
| thousands | |||||||||||
| Total number of hits 5, 6, 8 | 1,635.2 | 3,217.4 | 4,349.7 | 7,430.9 | 10,166.9 | 11,532.4 | 12,636.1 | 20,080.9 | 29,000.0 | 35,069.4 | 33,152.8 |
| numbers | |||||||||||
| Daily average hits 4 | 4,492 | 8,839 | 11,950 | 20,415 | 27,931 | 31,682 | 34,715 | 55,167 | 79,670 | 96,345 | 91,079 |
Source: Transport Scotland - Not National Statistics
1. Traveline Scotland went live for telephone calls on 3 January 2001. Its internet service became operational on 27 October 2002, and was formally launched on 16 December 2002, but statistics of its use are only available from the start of 2003.
2. The figures relate to the weeks which ended on Fridays which were in the specified calendar year - for example, the figures for "2003" cover the 52 weeks from the one ending on Friday 3 January 2003 to the week ending on Friday 26 December 2003, inclusive.
3. Categerisation of unanswered calls no longer takes place.
4 Daily averages are calculated by dividing the total for all the weeks ending in the year by the number of days in those weeks (e.g. 52 x 7 = 364).
Therefore, they may differ slightly from the result that would be obtained if one divided by the actual number of days in the year (365 or 366).
5. HIts are the record of unique visits to the web site. The web site supplier changed on 1 January 2006 and the new supplier defined hits in a more robust way than the previous supplier so the figures for 2006 onwards are not on a like for like basis with previous years.
6. Total number of hits now includes visits to bus departure boards on the Traveline Scotland app Consists of 6,211.7 unique web visits and 1219.2 app departure board visits (thousands)
7 Unanswered calls figure has increased due to a massive surge in calls during March 2018 as a result of the "mini beast from the East"severe weather
8 Total number of hits for 2018 will be understated due to a server logging issue
| Work mainly at or from home | Excluding those working mainly from home | Total Number (=100%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 2km | 2 km to less than 5 km | 5 km to less than 10 km | 10 km to less than 20 km | 20 km to less than 30 km | 30 km to less than 40 km | 40 km to less than 60 km | 60 km and over | Other2 | |||
| row percentages | |||||||||||
| All | 10.8 | 14.7 | 21.6 | 19.2 | 17.0 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 12.3 | 2,400,925 |
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home
| Work mainly at or from home | Excluding those working mainly from home | Total Number (=100%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underground, metro, light rail or tram | Train | Bus, minibus or coach | Taxi or minicab | Driver, car or van | Passenger, car or van | Motorcycle, scooter or moped | Bicycle | On foot | Other | |||
| row percentages | ||||||||||||
| All | 10.8 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 11.2 | 0.7 | 62.8 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 11.1 | 1.3 | 2,400,925 |
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Percentages for mode of travel to place of work do not include those working mainly from home
| Work mainly at or from home | Excluding those working mainly from home | Total Number (=100%)3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 2km | 2 km to less than 5 km | 5 km to less than 10 km | 10 km to less than 20 km | 20 km to less than 30 km | 30 km and over | Other | |||
| row percentages | |||||||||
| All | 10.7 | 14.6 | 21.6 | 19.3 | 17.0 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 12.3 | 2,390,595 |
| Number of cars or vans available for private use: | |||||||||
| None | 10.8 | 24.8 | 30.9 | 17.9 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 10.5 | 314,494 |
| One | 10.0 | 16.4 | 23.7 | 19.7 | 15.9 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 11.4 | 932,787 |
| Two or more | 11.1 | 10.2 | 17.3 | 19.3 | 20.1 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 13.5 | 1,143,314 |
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Excludes people who live in communal establishments - values for number of cars in a household were imputed where this was missing
4. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home
| Study mainly at or from home | Excluding those studying mainly from home | Total Number (=100%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less than 2km | 2 km to less than 5 km | 5 km to less than 10 km | 10 km to less than 20 km | 20 km to less than 30 km | 30 km to less than 40 km | 40 km to less than 60 km | 60 km and over | Other | |||
| row percentages | |||||||||||
| All | 12.4 | 49.3 | 23.4 | 11.7 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 996,282 |
| By age: | |||||||||||
| 4 to 11 | 11.8 | 72.3 | 15.9 | 6.3 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 386,410 |
| 12 to 15 | 11.1 | 42.0 | 32.0 | 13.6 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 241,975 |
| 16 to 17 | 10.7 | 34.2 | 30.6 | 15.8 | 10.9 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 101,169 |
| 18 and over | 15.2 | 27.6 | 23.5 | 16.4 | 12.4 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 5.2 | 266,728 |
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study
2. Percentages for distance to place of study do not include those studying mainly from home
| Study mainly at or from home | Excluding those studying mainly from home | Total Number (=100%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Train, underground, metro, light rail or tram | Bus, minibus or coach | Driver, car or van | Passenger, car or van | Bicycle | On foot | Other | |||
| row percentages | |||||||||
| By distance: | |||||||||
| All | 12.4 | 3.7 | 24.6 | 5.3 | 19.1 | 1.2 | 44.7 | 1.5 | 996,282 |
| Less than 2km | 0.3 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 17.3 | 1.2 | 73.3 | 0.8 | 429,936 | |
| 2km to less than 5km | 2.6 | 40.9 | 4.6 | 26.2 | 1.6 | 22.2 | 1.8 | 203,907 | |
| 5km to less than 10km | 6.1 | 52.1 | 9.4 | 20.2 | 0.8 | 9.0 | 2.4 | 102,246 | |
| 10km to less than 20km | 11.5 | 46.2 | 14.7 | 16.4 | 0.3 | 8.3 | 2.6 | 65,101 | |
| 20km to less than 30km | 17.9 | 35.7 | 20.5 | 14.5 | 0.3 | 8.9 | 2.1 | 23,802 | |
| 30km to less than 40km | 25.5 | 29.7 | 20.9 | 11.6 | 0.4 | 10.1 | 1.8 | 12,406 | |
| 40km to less than 60km | 23.3 | 27.7 | 22.8 | 10.7 | 0.5 | 13.3 | 1.8 | 10,174 | |
| 60km and over | 14.1 | 25.2 | 15.6 | 10.7 | 1.6 | 30.7 | 2.1 | 10,245 | |
| Other | 4.5 | 21.0 | 16.5 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 46.1 | 3.7 | 14,536 | |
Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study
2. Percentages for distance to place of study do not include those studying mainly from home